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Exercise and nutritional interventions (particularly intake of dairy products and milk) demonstrate good efficacy, safety, and broad applicability. Here, we propose that at least some of the well\u2010documented favorable effects of milk and milk\u2010derived protein supplements on SMM might be mediated by D\u2010galactose, a monosaccharide present in large quantities in milk in the form of disaccharide lactose (milk sugar). We suggest that ingestion of dairy products results in exposure to D\u2010galactose in concentrations metabolized primarily via the Leloir pathway with the potential to (i) promote anabolic signaling via maintenance of growth factor (e.g., insulin\u2010like growth factor 1 [IGF\u20101]) receptor mature glycosylation patterns; and (ii) provide extracellular (liver glycogen) and intracellular substrates for short (muscle glycolysis) and long\u2010term (muscle glycogen, intramyocellular lipids) energy availability. Additionally, D\u2010galactose might optimize the metabolic function of skeletal muscles by increasing mitochondrial content and stimulating glucose and fatty acid utilization. The proposed potential of D\u2010galactose to promote the accretion of SMM is discussed in the context of its therapeutic potential in sarcopenia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.202300061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T23:22:58Z","timestamp":1701991378000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["D\u2010galactose might mediate some of the skeletal muscle hypertrophy\u2010promoting effects of milk\u2014A nutrient to consider for sarcopenia?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1508-3243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Homolak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology University of Zagreb School of Medicine  Zagreb Croatia"},{"name":"Croatian Institute for Brain Research University of Zagreb School of Medicine  Zagreb Croatia"},{"name":"Interfaculty 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