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In recent years, a large number of human disorders have been found to be caused by dynamic mutations, the most common of which are trinucleotide repeat expansion diseases. Dynamic mutations are common to numerous nervous system disorders, including Huntington's disease, various spinocerebellar ataxias, fragile X syndrome, fragile X tremor\/ataxia syndrome, Friedreich ataxia and other neurodegenerative disorders. The involvement of dynamic mutations in brain disorders will be reviewed, with a focus on the large group caused by CAG\/glutamine repeat expansions. We will also outline a proposed role of tandem repeat polymorphisms (TRPs), with unique \u2018digital\u2019 genetic distributions, in modulating brain development and normal function, so as to generate additional mutational diversity upon which natural selection may act. 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