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In fin\u2010de\u2010siecle Vienna, this debate coincided with a philosophical debate over empiricism\/materialism versus idealism\/vitalism. Turn\u2010of\u2010the\u2010century Vienna's highly interdisciplinary environment was also the birthplace for the model system of the un\u2010opposed molar. The un\u2010opposed molar system features new tissue formation at the roots of teeth and tooth drift once opposing teeth are lost. The un\u2010opposed molar model system was revived by a group of Viennese scientists who left Vienna during the Nazi period to address Vienna's questions about evolution and heredity and about genes and environment in Chicago's post\u2010WWII scientific exile community. Here we are using the colorful history of the un\u2010opposed molar to investigate the role of culture and method in the scientific evolution of a model system. 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