{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:48:10Z","timestamp":1791568090267,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,21]],"date-time":"2008-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1203552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioEssays"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This essay considers biotrophic cyst and root\u2010knot nematodes in relation to their biology, host\u2013parasite interactions and molecular genetics. These nematodes have to face the biological consequences of the physical constraints imposed by the soil environment in which they live while their hosts inhabit both above and below ground environments. The two groups of nematodes appear to have adopted radically different solutions to these problems with the result that one group is a host specialist and reproduces sexually while the other has an enormous host range and reproduces by mitotic parthenogenesis. We consider what is known about the modes of parasitism used by these nematodes and how it relates to their host range, including the surprising finding that parasitism genes in both nematode groups have been recruited from bacteria. The nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of these two nematode groups are very different and we consider how these findings relate to the biology of the organisms. BioEssays 30:249\u2013259, 2008. \u00a9 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.20717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,21]],"date-time":"2008-02-21T12:46:23Z","timestamp":1203597983000},"page":"249-259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Parasitism genes and host range disparities in biotrophic nematodes: the conundrum of polyphagy versus specialisation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Vivian C.","family":"Blok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John T.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark S.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Trudgill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/387489a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/32160"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msl044"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.42.012204.130804"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.40.121201.093719"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-0177-6_27"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","volume-title":"Identification of root\u2010knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species)","author":"Jepson BS","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Root\u2010knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species) systematics, genetics and control","author":"Triantphyllou AC","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"225","article-title":"Local and systemic changes in plant gene expression following root infection by cyst nematodes","volume":"32","author":"Bowles DJ","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc Phytochem Soc Europe"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/187529284X00473"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200007637X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5266(00)00081-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1369-5266(88)80047-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5266(00)00079-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2005.02529.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","first-page":"221","volume-title":"Concepts in nematode systematics","author":"Stone AR","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"The possible origins of genetic variability within the plant parasitic nematodes Meloidogyne and Globodera spp","volume":"7","author":"Trudgill DL","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ag Zool Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.py.21.090183.001415"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02981382"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","first-page":"214","volume-title":"The nematode parasites of plants classified under their hosts","author":"Goodey B","year":"1965"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","first-page":"629","volume-title":"Plant parasitic nematodes in subtropical and tropical agriculture","author":"Luc M","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","first-page":"817","article-title":"The importance of tropical root\u2010knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) and the factors affecting the utility of Pasteuria penetrans as a biocontrol agent","volume":"2","author":"Trudgill DL","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nematology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156854199508315"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5266(99)80057-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1364-3703.2003.00170.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01666501"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(00)00295-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000067159"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SchollEH ThorneJL McCarterJP BirdDM.2003.Horizontally transferred genes in plant\u2010parasitic nematodes: a high\u2010throughput genomic approach. Genome Biol 4 art. no.\u2010R39","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2003-4-6-r39"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156854105775142919"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.9.4906"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI.1999.12.7.585"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35017641"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI.2002.15.6.549"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(02)02906-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156854101750236259"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/427030a"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-18-0621"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI.1999.12.4.328"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1364-3703.2003.00140.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407926102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-19-0463"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1364-3703.2005.00270.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI.2004.17.8.846"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmpp.2005.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3059.1997.d01-201.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/005525998X00070"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/005725998X00069"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7348.1990.tb04225.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016018002152"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PhillipsMS BlokVC.2007.Selection for virulence inGlobodera pallidapopulations in relation to quantitative resistance fromSolanum verneiandS. tuberosumssp.andigenaCPC2802. Plant Path. In press","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3059.2007.01771.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2004.02275.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.39.1.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_2","first-page":"285","article-title":"Identification of the resistance breaking populations of Meloidogyne on tomatoes in Morocco and their effect on new sources of resistance","volume":"20","author":"Eddaoudi M","year":"1997","journal-title":"Fund Appl Nemat"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156854199508496"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10658-005-1228-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7348.1992.tb04908.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/Phyto-83-803"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_2","first-page":"299","article-title":"Acquired virulence in the plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita. I. Biological analysis of the phenomenon","volume":"14","author":"Jarquin\u2010Barberena H","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rev N\u00e9matol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01877026"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.py.33.090195.001215"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/15685410260438872"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015682500495"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/Phyto-85-1288"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/Phyto-85-547"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_2","first-page":"127","article-title":"Genetic variation in tropical Meloidogyne spp. as shown by RAPDs","volume":"20","author":"Blok VC","year":"1997","journal-title":"Fund Appl Nematol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294x.1998.00326.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/19.7.1619"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/136.3.903"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/154.1.181"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00239-006-0187-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00239-007-0023-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00239-007-9007-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/187529277X00363"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3059.1994.tb00567.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_2","first-page":"39","article-title":"Host status of medicinal plants for Meloidogyne hapla","volume":"34","author":"Park SD","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nematropica"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_2","first-page":"643","article-title":"Host suitability of 32 common weeds to M. hapla in organic soils of southwestern Quebec","volume":"28","author":"Belair G","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Nematol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_2","first-page":"18","article-title":"Host\u2010specific pathogenicity and genome differences between inbred strains of Meloidogyne hapla","volume":"38","author":"Liu QL","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nematol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genet.34.1.401"}],"container-title":["BioEssays"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbies.20717","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bies.20717","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T12:37:18Z","timestamp":1738067838000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bies.20717"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,21]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bies.20717"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bies.20717","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0265-9247","1521-1878"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0265-9247","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-1878","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-02-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}