{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T21:46:47Z","timestamp":1774302407028,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioEssays"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) involve complex interactions between local tissues and the immune system. Here, we highlight the immunological parallels between the central nervous system (CNS) meninges and the synovial joint, two sites traditionally considered immune\u2010privileged. Both harbor resident immune cells and lymphatic vessels and support the formation of tertiary lymphoid organs (TLO) during chronic inflammation. In MS, meningeal TLO contributes to cortical grey matter damage, while in RA, synovial TLO drives joint destruction. T peripheral helper (Tph) cells, a subset of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells, are key players in both conditions by supporting B cell activation and autoantibody production. Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV) infection, particularly in B cells within TLO, is implicated in the pathogenesis of both diseases. Targeting EBV\u2010infected B cells, depleting Tph cells, or disrupting TLO represent promising therapeutic strategies for controlling disease progression and severity in MS and RA.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.70118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T14:07:09Z","timestamp":1771769229000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The CNS Meninges and the Synovial Joint: Parallel Immunological Structures in Autoimmune Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Mohamed Reda","family":"Fazazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universit\u00e9 Laval  Quebec City Canada"},{"name":"Neuroscience Research Program CHU de Qu\u00e9bec\u2010Universit\u00e9 Laval Research Center Quebec City Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manu","family":"Rangachari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universit\u00e9 Laval  Quebec City Canada"},{"name":"Neuroscience Research Program CHU de Qu\u00e9bec\u2010Universit\u00e9 Laval Research Center Quebec City Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1435"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. J.ChestermanandA. U.Smith \u201cHomotransplantation of Articular Cartilage and Isolated Chondrocytes \u201dJournal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume50 no.1(1968):184\u2013197 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301\u2010620X.50B1.184.","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.50B1.184"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"58","article-title":"Immunity to Homologous Grafted Skin; the Fate of Skin Homografts Transplanted to the Brain, to Subcutaneous Tissue, and to the Anterior Chamber of the Eye","volume":"29","author":"Medawar P. B.","year":"1948","journal-title":"British Journal of Experimental Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"M. W.Elves \u201cA Study of the Transplantation Antigens on Chondrocytes From Articular Cartilage \u201dJournal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume56(1974):178\u2013185."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3666"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19476035221126349"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.703944"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2020.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.36187"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402268101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18626"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.12.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat7554"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010020\u20102886\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593\u2010019\u20100393\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201035166\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010024\u201008279\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874312901105010100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018\u2010019\u201003191\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1465816"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287\u2010019\u20101359\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01467"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/JME\u201008\u20100131"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00163"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010018\u201007626\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3780186"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood\u20102006\u201007\u2010037994"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(23)01473\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2016.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1601277"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606468"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr182"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm038"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582\u2010023\u201000838\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750\u20103639.2004.tb00049.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adi0295"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Substantial Subpial Cortical Demyelination in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Have We Underestimated the Extent of Cortical Pathology?","volume":"7","author":"Griffiths L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","first-page":"657","article-title":"Meningeal Tertiary Lymphoid Tissues and Multiple Sclerosis: A Gathering Place for Diverse Types of Immune Cells During CNS Autoimmunity","volume":"6","author":"Pikor N. B.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00451"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03090"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq354"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp070"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","first-page":"380","article-title":"High\u2010Dimensional Single\u2010Cell Mapping of Central Nervous System Immune Cells Reveals Distinct Myeloid Subsets in Health","volume":"48","author":"Mrdjen D.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging, and Disease Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/65.2.124"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(16)30173\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2497"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22400"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.1.650"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"Tertiary Lymphoid Organs in Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"426","author":"Rivellese F.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2010.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0060001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.01.08.631928"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1786"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2010.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38173"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20810"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez228"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis\u20102020\u2010217646"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125\u2010019\u20104936\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585211067696"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423\u2010020\u201000529\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1145573"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010018\u201006187\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201546043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.946786"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075\u2010020\u201002287\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590\u2010019\u20100378\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","unstructured":"H.Rune \u201cSingle Cell CITE\u2010seq of Progressive MS CSF Cells Reveals T Peripheral Helper\u2010Like Cells \u201d (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551\u2010019\u20100360\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201049259\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2015.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22230"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3900"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)91527-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1983.04050070036006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.35.3.435"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abj8222"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110127"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110083"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.59.7.533"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2017.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780230603"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20071030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974\u2010017\u20101049\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3181e332ec"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis\u20102012\u2010202352"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005286"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2018025536"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.1999.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M511884200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-230X(10)07004-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp228"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364438"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202451207"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20181216"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20241184"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000451"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14397595.2015.1129694"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010024\u201007627\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521\u20104141(199903)29:03<973::AID\u2010IMMU973>3.0.CO;2\u2010P"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar80"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00980\u201019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e31827bfc62"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2024.578314"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.06.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/523813"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010023\u201039770\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-7230-7_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000308"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2024.2381235"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22452"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/CP202474"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_121_1","first-page":"S31","article-title":"Monoclonal Antibodies in MS: Mechanisms of Action","volume":"74","author":"Bielekova B.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.71"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2023.578267"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.105344"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(17)31472\u20101"}],"container-title":["BioEssays"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bies.70118","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/bies.70118","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bies.70118","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T02:36:49Z","timestamp":1773023809000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bies.70118"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":124,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bies.70118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bies.70118","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0265-9247","1521-1878"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0265-9247","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-1878","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70118"}}