{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:52:53Z","timestamp":1791561173214,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":243,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioEssays"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Recent studies indicate that PIWI (P\u2010element\u2010induced WImpy testis) like proteins and their cognate PIWI\u2010interacting RNAs (piRNAs), initially identified in germline cells for protecting genomic stability by transposon silencing, also exert multiple regulatory functions in somatic and immune systems. Additionally, PIWIL\/piRNA pathways are linked to innate antiviral defense and immune signaling pathway regulation. This review systematically compiles the reports on the immunological functions of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and delineates the potential molecular processes and functional characteristics of PIWIL\/piRNA pathways. We propose that PIWIL\/piRNAs function as a molecular link between adaptive and reproductive immunity and maintain barrier integrity in immune\u2010privileged settings. Predictive bioinformatic analysis further revealed specific piRNAs that could interact with long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and miRNAs to regulate immune response components within the TLR and JAK\/STAT pathways, highlighting their potential role in antiviral and immunomodulatory signaling networks. We conclude by discussing the emerging opportunities to integrate ncRNA\u2010mediated regulatory mechanisms into personalized medicine and targeted therapies while addressing the key hurdles in clinical application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.70188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:14:15Z","timestamp":1791558855000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Crosstalk in Silence: PIWIL\/piRNA in ncRNA Hubs for Immune Gene Regulation and Epigenetic Antiviral Defense"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Athira","family":"Ramesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pondicherry University  Puducherry India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupa","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pondicherry University  Puducherry India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayamuruga Pandian","family":"Arunachalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Inter\u2010Disciplinary Research Facility Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University)  Pondicherry India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3180-4429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subbulakshmi","family":"Chidambaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pondicherry University  Puducherry India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3123"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2011.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04916"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcb.2017.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.2565011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010\u2010016\u20102906\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr298"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.038315"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1087262"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.607222"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02792"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2018.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.591420"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2018.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/emmm.200900028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0902636106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncrna.2024.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326\u20106066.CIR\u201018\u20100145"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2021.151515"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.56457"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2017.2852"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052341"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2019.7881"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2022.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.550987"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2022.101604"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12307\u2010019\u201000230\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046082"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1798"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.Ono \u201cControl of Regulatory T\u2010Cell Differentiation and Function by T\u2010Cell Receptor Signalling and Foxp3 Transcription Factor Complexes \u201dImmunology160 no.1(May2020):24\u201337 Epub 2020 Mar 9. Erratum in: Immunology. 2020 Aug;160(4):393https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imm.13178.","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13178"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00069.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abn9181"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1192002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419\u2010021\u201004059\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood\u20102015\u201011\u2010680462"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20140338"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood\u20102014\u201003\u2010559690"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251\u2010025\u201001383\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1547"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncrna.2023.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046\u2010017\u20100639\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20111386"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.598464"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00331"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/oli.2009.0180"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt844"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2012.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1081"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059397"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.056317"},{"issue":"31","key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","first-page":"E2110","article-title":"MicroRNAs Bind to Toll\u2010Like Receptors to Induce Prometastatic Inflammatory Response","volume":"109","author":"Fabbri M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756\u20108722\u20105\u201066"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/945169"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1828"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423\u2010020\u20100363\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2015.00064"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","first-page":"1624","article-title":"Expression, Regulation and Mechanism of Action of the miR\u201017\u201092 Cluster in Tumor Cells (Review)","volume":"40","author":"Fang L.\u2010L.","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03079"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00311"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177453"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gpb.2021.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2014.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood\u20102008\u201006\u2010162164"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2014.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.01776"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19092806"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi800418p"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3195"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098561"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes9110531"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncrna.2019.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00198\u201011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/978-2-88971-928-0","volume-title":"Structural and Functional Characterization of Circular RNAs","author":"Panda A. C.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2019.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2014.00249"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000491471"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2017.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1103946108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201014687\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1146484"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594\u2010024\u201001287\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwu014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2013.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.244848.114"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2015.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592\u2010021\u201001369\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1138140"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1159689"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1155\/2006\/542818","article-title":"A Putative Viral Defence Mechanism in Archaeal Cells","volume":"2","author":"Lillest\u00f8l R. K.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Archaea"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_103_1","volume-title":"Regulatory RNAs in Prokaryotes","author":"Marchfelder A.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.052092.115"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2019.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bfgp\/els016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23179919"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2023.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010017\u201018672\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2022.931354"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985\u2010024\u201002297\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1076947"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00144\u201017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.01114"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.073965.119"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv590"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1607952113"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248\u2010023\u201002310\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010genet\u2010120417\u2010031441"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9102180"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects14020187"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.145314"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/dnares\/dsx056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.116502"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00152"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2018.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.11810"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13402\u2010023\u201000904\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705\u2010010\u20100635\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2016.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571\u2010022\u201000603\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078\u20100432.CCR\u201011\u20102824"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01923\u201019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00580"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00237\u201017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/epi\u20102021\u20100252"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12061445"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.180802.114"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.2347"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1703382"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109609"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594\u2010022\u201000739\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a026575"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2021.1982306"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201612160"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2011.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abg2264"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327118781902"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/20.7.1810"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.50530"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12051246"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1602965"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v8060156"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/nipt\u20102023\u20100011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.695738"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556\u2010024\u201000226\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13071362"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2018.3"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_9_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0240-5","article-title":"Mini Viral RNAs Act as Innate Immune Agonists During Influenza Virus Infection","volume":"3","author":"Te Velthuis A. J. W.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13102485"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2023.02.044"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_2_9_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu105","article-title":"Challenges in RNA Virus Bioinformatics","volume":"30","author":"Marz M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.00669"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11928"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.04.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059\u2010020\u201002221\u2010x"},{"issue":"21","key":"e_1_2_9_173_1","first-page":"10474","article-title":"A SnoRNA\u2010Derived piRNA Interacts With Human Interleukin\u20104 Pre\u2010mRNA and Induces its Decay in Nuclear Exosomes","volume":"43","author":"Zhong F.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166920"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010017\u201000101\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1701569"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555\u2010024\u201010226\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2017.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_201808_15698"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.24695"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.41244"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v12070748"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v10040213"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3MO00122A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2015.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2012.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2011.10.005"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_189_1","first-page":"127","article-title":"Long Non\u2010Coding RNAs: Versatile Master Regulators of Gene Expression and Crucial Players in Cancer","volume":"4","author":"Nie L.","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Translational Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102958.2004.04428.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018\u2010017\u20102626\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.87900"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11993"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2011.359"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_195_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935\u2010019\u20100959\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_196_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncrna.2023.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943\u2010018\u20100935\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_199_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv214"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010018\u201026753\u20102"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_201_1","first-page":"3543","article-title":"Crosstalk Between microRNAs, the Putative Target Genes and the lncRNA Network in Metabolic Diseases","volume":"20","author":"Assmann T. S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecular Medicine Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_202_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1248"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_203_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw288"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_204_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts698"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_205_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_206_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1141"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_207_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1265"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_208_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.04.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_209_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401867"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_210_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2016.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_211_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_212_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/272359"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_213_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.17.9285\u20109294.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_214_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01758"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_215_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1602000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_216_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032777"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_217_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/jkst.28055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_218_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.08.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_219_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1495035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_220_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.161786"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_221_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.108188"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_222_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564\u2010025\u201002078\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_223_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2025.105445"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_224_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967\u2010025\u201006176\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_225_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262\u2010020\u201002507\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_226_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2014.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_227_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/mps4010010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_228_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4NR05114A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_229_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9062004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_230_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13101681"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_231_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja301621z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_232_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1758\u2010907X\u20103\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_233_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14112520"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_234_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.18109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_235_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252212235"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_236_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2022.848105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_237_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2021.100991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_238_1","volume-title":"Biomaterials for Advanced Drug and Therapeutics Delivery","author":"Amin M. C. I.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_239_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.147854"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_240_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-93425-4","volume-title":"Cell Membrane Engineering for Advancing Cell\u2010Based and Nanotechnology\u2010Based Therapies","author":"Hussain Z.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_241_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018\u2010017\u20102656\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_242_1","volume-title":"Cancer Therapeutics and Imaging: Molecular and Cellular Engineering and Nanobiomedicine","author":"Rege K.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_243_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-96-3456-9","volume-title":"RNA\u2010Based Cancer Therapeutics: Techniques, Applications and Challenges in Prognosis","author":"Sharma N. K.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_244_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.10.007"}],"container-title":["BioEssays"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bies.70188","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/bies.70188","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bies.70188","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:14:21Z","timestamp":1791558861000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bies.70188"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":243,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bies.70188"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bies.70188","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0265-9247","1521-1878"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0265-9247","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-1878","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70188"}}