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This is due both to chromatin structure being looser in transcribing domains, allowing more rapid repair, and to repair enzymes being coupled to RNA polymerases stalled at damage sites; possibly other factors are also involved. Some repair\u2010defective diseases may involve repair\u2010transcription coupling: three candidate genes have been suggested.<\/jats:p><jats:p>However, preferential excision of pyrimidine dimers is not uniformly linked to transcription. In mammals it varies with species, and with cell differentiation. In <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic> embryo cells it is absent, and in yeast, the determining factor is nucleosome stability rather than transcription.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Repair of other damage departs further from the paradigm, even in some UV\u2010mimetic lesions. No selectivity is known for repair of the very frequent minor forms of base damage. And the most interesting consequence of selective repair, selective mutagenesis, normally occurs for UV\u2010induced, but not for spontaneous mutations. The temptation to extrapolate from mammalian UV repair should be resisted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.950150311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,25]],"date-time":"2005-02-25T09:20:08Z","timestamp":1109323208000},"page":"209-216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Problems and paradigms: Fine tuning of DNA repair in transcribed genes: Mechanisms, prevalence and consequences"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"C. Stephen","family":"Downes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anderson J.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert T.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00283485"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(91)90016-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/6.2.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","volume-title":"Aging, Sex and DNA Repair","author":"Bernstein C.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.11.8.4128"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00330699"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00472a005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/11.7.1237"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)60422-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90479-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5996","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)42653-1","article-title":"Transcription, nucleosome stability, and DNA repair in a yeast minichromosome","volume":"267","author":"Bedoyan J.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. 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