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However, severed adult mammalian retinal axons can regenerate into peripheral nerve segments grafted into the brain and this finding has emphasized the importance of the environment in explaining regenerative failure in the adult mammalian CNS. Following lesions, regenerating axons encounter the glial cells, oligodendrocytes and astro\u2010cytes, and their derivatives, respectively myelin and the astrocytic scar. Experiments to investigate the influence of these components on axon growth in culture have revealed cell\u2010surface and extracellular matrix molecules that inhibit axon extension and growth cone motility. Structural and functional characterization of these ligands and their receptors is underway, and may solve the interesting neurobiological conundrum posed by the failure of mammalian CNS regeneration. Simultaneously, this might allow new possibilities for treatment of the severe clinical disabilities resulting from injury to the brain and spinal cord.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.950151206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,25]],"date-time":"2005-02-25T09:18:01Z","timestamp":1109323081000},"page":"807-813","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Contact inhibition in the failure of mammalian CNS axonal regeneration"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Alan R.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(88)90151-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.05-11-03030.1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.440080102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01637660"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"20","article-title":"The problem of neuronal regeneration in the central nervous system. 1. 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