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Intermediate solar ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths in the UVB (290\u2013320 nm) range also contain an oxidative component, but more closely resemble UVC in their gene activating properties. Short wavelength UV, in common with other extracellular stimuli including growth factors, activates signal transduction events that involve both stress\u2010 and mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase cascades. The extrapolation of the complex modulation of gene expression that ensues to the consequences of natural UV exposure requires careful attention to the details of doses and wavelength employed in the model experiments. Nevertheless, there is evidence that UVB irrradiation of skin can activate the expression of proteins including immunomodulating cytokines, ornithine decarboxylase and, to a limited extent, nuclear oncogene products, as well as lead to stabilisation of p53. Non\u2010cytotoxic doses of UVA radiation also lead to the strong activation of several genes which would be expected to have functional relevance <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.950180210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,25]],"date-time":"2005-02-25T07:55:38Z","timestamp":1109318138000},"page":"139-148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":200,"title":["Activation of mammalian gene expression by the UV component of sunlight \u2013 from models to reality"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Rex M.","family":"Tyrrell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"57","volume-title":"Oxidative Stress: Oxidants and Antioxidants","author":"Tyrrell R. 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