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While significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular events underlying the early specification of the antero\u2010posterior and dorso\u2010ventral axes, little information has been available regarding the basis for left\u2010right (LR) differences in animal morphogenesis. Recently however, important advances have been made in uncovering the molecular mechanisms responsible for LR patterning. A number of genes (including well\u2010known signaling molecules such as <jats:italic>Sonic hedgehog<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>activin<\/jats:italic>) are asymmetrically expressed in early chick embryos, well before the appearance of morphological asymmetries. One of these, <jats:italic>nodal<\/jats:italic>, is asymmetrically expressed in frogs and mice as well, and its expression is altered in mouse mutants exhibiting defects in laterality. 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