{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T23:06:50Z","timestamp":1792364810969,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,5]],"date-time":"2005-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2714,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioEssays"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Pax<\/jats:italic> genes are a family of development control genes that encode nuclear transcription factors. They are characterized by the presence of the paired domain, a conserved amino acid motif with DNA\u2010binding activity. Originally, paired\u2010box\u2010containing genes were detected in <jats:italic>Drosophila malenogaster<\/jats:italic>, where they exert multiple functions during embryogenesis. In vertebrates, <jats:italic>Pax<\/jats:italic> genes are also involved in embryogenesis. Mutations in four out of nine characterized <jats:italic>Pax<\/jats:italic> genes have been associated with either congenital human diseases such as Waardenburg syndrome (PAX3), Aniridia (PAX6), Peter's anomaly (PAX6), renal coloboma syndrome (PAX2), Small eye (Pax6), (Pax2<jats:sup>1Neu<\/jats:sup>), which all show defects in development. Recently, analysis of spontaneous and transgenic mouse mutants has revealed that vertebrate <jats:italic>Pax<\/jats:italic> genes are key regulators during organogenesis of kidney, eye, ear, nose, limb muscles, vertebral column and brain. Like their <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic> counterparts, vertebrate <jats:italic>Pax<\/jats:italic> genes are involved in pattern formation during embryogenesis, possibly by determiing the time and place of organ initiation of morphogenesis. For most tissues, however, the nature of the primary development action of Pax transcription factors remains to be elucidated. One predominant theme is signal transduction during tissue interactions, which may lead to a position\u2010specific regulation of cell proliferation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.950190905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,25]],"date-time":"2005-02-25T10:49:43Z","timestamp":1109328583000},"page":"755-765","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":297,"title":["<i>Pax<\/i> genes and organogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Edgar","family":"Dahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruhiko","family":"Koseki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudi","family":"Balling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/287795a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"153","article-title":"Homeotic genes, the homeobox, and the spatial organization of the embryo","volume":"81","author":"Gehring W.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Harvey Lectures"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-437X(93)90095-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90281-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-437X(94)90032-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1996.0034"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.5.4.594"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90518-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1989.tb08509.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-7543(91)90151-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.124.4.817","article-title":"Conservation of Pax\u20106 in a lower chordate, the ascidian Phallusia mammillata","volume":"124","author":"Glardon S.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1995.1248"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(88)90039-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.120.5.1109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1995.1047"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0995-60"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.33.8.655"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90071-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/355637a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/355635a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.113.3.1049"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00171747"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(96)80008-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0495-358"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.24.13870"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.121.12.4057"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/386399a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90079-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.122.3.831","article-title":"Dysgenesis of cephalic neural crest derivatives in Pax7\u2212l\u2010\n                   mutant mice","volume":"122","author":"Mansouri A.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-437X(96)80011-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80078-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","first-page":"35","article-title":"Regulation of organogenesis. 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