{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T19:07:19Z","timestamp":1793128039170,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,24]],"date-time":"2016-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007333","name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007333","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biometrical J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In diagnostic medicine, the volume under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) surface (VUS) is a commonly used index to quantify the ability of a continuous diagnostic test to discriminate between three disease states. In practice, verification of the true disease status may be performed only for a subset of subjects under study since the verification procedure is invasive, risky, or expensive. The selection for disease examination might depend on the results of the diagnostic test and other clinical characteristics of the patients, which in turn can cause bias in estimates of the VUS. This bias is referred to as verification bias. Existing verification bias correction in three\u2010way ROC analysis focuses on ordinal tests. We propose verification bias\u2010correction methods to construct ROC surface and estimate the VUS for a continuous diagnostic test, based on inverse probability weighting. By applying U\u2010statistics theory, we develop asymptotic properties for the estimator. A Jackknife estimator of variance is also derived. Extensive simulation studies are performed to evaluate the performance of the new estimators in terms of bias correction and variance. The proposed methods are used to assess the ability of a biomarker to accurately identify stages of Alzheimer's disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.201500225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,24]],"date-time":"2016-06-24T08:42:41Z","timestamp":1466757761000},"page":"1338-1356","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Inverse probability weighting estimation of the volume under the ROC surface in the presence of verification bias"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine Los Angeles California 90033 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd A.","family":"Alonzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine Los Angeles California 90033 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.200610363"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3536"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9876.2005.00477.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/4.2.313"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2530820"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9876.2007.00597.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X0002000309"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(03)00002-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70355-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3388"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02729890122062703"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspi.2009.05.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","volume-title":"Statistical Analysis with Missing Data","author":"Little R.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"439","article-title":"Determining the value of diagnostic and screening tests","volume":"17","author":"McNeil B.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.10.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X9901900110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-0420.2006.00715.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1917"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/2.3.249"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/43.3-4.353"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197810262991705"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/016214505000001339"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmps.1996.0024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","volume-title":"Medical Decision Making","author":"Sox H. 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