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Nonetheless, the resulting effect estimates are subject to finite\u2010sample bias when data are sparse, as is typical for large\u2010sample procedures. Here we propose a semi\u2010Bayes estimation approach which penalizes or shrinks the estimated model parameters to improve finite\u2010sample performance. This approach uses simple symmetric data\u2010augmentation priors. Limited simulation experiments indicate that the proposed approach reduces finite\u2010sample bias and improves confidence\u2010interval coverage when the true values lie within the central \u201chill\u201d of the prior distribution. We illustrate the approach with data from a nonexperimental study of HIV treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.201600140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,27]],"date-time":"2017-10-27T07:52:45Z","timestamp":1509090765000},"page":"100-114","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Estimating multiple time\u2010fixed treatment effects using a semi\u2010Bayes semiparametric marginal structural Cox proportional hazards regression model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2117-1311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen R.","family":"Cole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessie K.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Westreich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine R.","family":"Lesko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Mugavero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine School of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. 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