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For this design, we propose a statistical analysis plan and a novel cluster\u2010level sample size calculation method that factors in typical features of periodontal responses such as non\u2010Gaussianity, spatial clustering, and nonrandom missingness. Here, each patient is viewed as a cluster, and a tooth within a patient's mouth is viewed as an individual unit inside the cluster, with the tooth\u2010level covariance structure described by a conditionally autoregressive structure. To accommodate possible skewness and tail behavior, the tooth\u2010level clinical attachment level (CAL) response is assumed to be skew\u2010<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>, with the nonrandomly missing structure captured via a shared parameter model corresponding to the missingness indicator. The proposed method considers mean comparison for the regimes with or without sharing an initial treatment, where the expected values and corresponding variances or covariance for the sample means of a pair of DTRs are derived by the inverse probability weighting and method of moments. Simulation studies are conducted to investigate the finite\u2010sample performance of the proposed sample size formulas under a variety of outcome\u2010generating scenarios. An <jats:styled-content>R<\/jats:styled-content> package <jats:styled-content>SMARTp<\/jats:styled-content> implementing our sample size formula is available at the Comprehensive R Archive Network for free\u00a0download.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.201900027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]],"date-time":"2019-09-18T05:55:11Z","timestamp":1568786111000},"page":"282-310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["SMARTp: A SMART design for nonsurgical treatments of chronic periodontitis with spatially referenced and nonrandomly missing skewed outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0687-9004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Quantitative Medicine and Programme in Health Services and Systems Research Duke\u2010NUS Medical School 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