{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T21:42:56Z","timestamp":1773006176334,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202207720107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202207720107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010902","name":"Joint Research Fund for Overseas Chinese Scholars and Scholars in Hong Kong and Macao","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202207720107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202207720107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010902","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biometrical J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We evaluate the relevance of external quantitative information on the parameter of a Gaussian graphical model from high\u2010dimensional data. This information comes in the form of a parameter value available from a related knowledge domain or population. We contrast the external information to \u2018null\u2019 information, i.e., an internally accepted parameter value. The direction from a null to this externally provided parameter value is dubbed the\n                    <jats:italic>signpost<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The signpost test evaluates whether to follow the signpost in the search of the true parameter value. We present various test statistics to measure the informativeness of the signpost and ways to obtain their distribution under the null hypothesis of non\u2010informativeness. By simulation, we investigate the power and other properties of the various signpost tests, and compare them to the likelihood ratio test. Finally, we employ the signpost test to illustrate how the learning of the Gaussian graphical model of a low\u2010prevalence breast cancer subtype benefits from external knowledge obtained from data of a more prevalent and related but fundamentally different\u00a0subtype.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.70115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T08:47:43Z","timestamp":1770886063000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Signpost Testing to Navigate the Parameter Space of the Gaussian Graphical Model With High\u2010Dimensional Data"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Kai","family":"Ruan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Epidemiology and Data Science Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"van de Wiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Epidemiology and Data Science Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wessel N.","family":"van Wieringen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Epidemiology and Data Science Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5439.509"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jrsssc\/qlad058"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2004.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","volume-title":"Practical Methods of Optimization","author":"Fletcher R.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1001389"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxm045"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Asymptotic Expansions of the Distributions of Test Statistics in Multivariate Analysis","volume":"34","author":"Fujikoshi Y.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University, Series AI (Mathematics)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btg313"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198522195.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"2295","article-title":"The Nonparanormal: Semiparametric Estimation of High\u2010Dimensional Undirected Graphs","volume":"10","author":"Liu H.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","first-page":"1432","article-title":"Stability Approach to Regularization Selection (stars) for High\u2010Dimensional Graphical Models","volume":"23","author":"Liu H.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9868.2010.00740.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.201500269"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","unstructured":"M\u00fcller C. L. R.Bonneau andZ.Kurtz.2016. \u201cGeneralized Stability Approach for Regularized Graphical Models.\u201darXiv:1605.07072."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/27.1.29"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","unstructured":"Schroeder M. B.Haibe\u2010Kains A.Culhane C.Sotiriou G.Bontempi andJ.Quackenbush.2022.breastCancerNKI: Gene expression dataset published by Schmidt et\u00a0al. [2008] (NKI). R package version 1.34.0."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1987.10478472"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","unstructured":"vanWieringen W. N.2024. \u201cSignpost Testing to Navigate the High\u2010Dimensional Parameter Space of the Linear Regression Model.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.9028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2016.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2020.104621"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","volume-title":"Graphical Models in Applied Multivariate Statistics","author":"Whittaker J.","year":"1990"}],"container-title":["Biometrical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bimj.70115","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/bimj.70115","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bimj.70115","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T19:27:16Z","timestamp":1772998036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bimj.70115"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bimj.70115"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bimj.70115","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0323-3847","1521-4036"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0323-3847","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4036","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70115"}}