{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:07:04Z","timestamp":1792174024981,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,11]],"date-time":"2016-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Luminescence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to characterize the antioxidant activity of penicillin G (PG), ampicillin (AMP), oxacillin (OX) and dicloxacillin (DOX) through their reactivity towards reactive oxygen species (superoxide anion radical, \n<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/bio3199-math-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:15227235:media:bio3199:bio3199-math-0001\"\/>; hydroxyl radical, HO<jats:sup>\u2022<\/jats:sup>; peroxyl radical, ROO<jats:sup>\u2022<\/jats:sup>; hydrogen peroxide, H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>; DPPH<jats:sup>\u2022<\/jats:sup>) using various <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> antioxidant assays with chemiluminescence (CL) and spectrophotometry as measurement techniques. In hydroxyl radical assays , PG, OX and AMP were found to inhibit the CL signal arising from the Fenton\u2010like reaction in a dose\u2010dependent manner with IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a00.480\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.020\u00a0mM, IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a00.569\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.021\u00a0mM, and IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a00.630\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.019\u00a0mM, respectively. The highest reactivity of PG among the tested penicillins towards the HO radical was confirmed in the deoxyribose degradation assay. In the ABAP\u2010derived ROO radical assay, the radical\u2010scavenging ability of the test penicillins was in the following order: AMP\u00a0&gt;\u00a0PG\u00a0&gt;\u00a0DOX\u00a0&gt;\u00a0OX. The number of reduced DPPH radicals by the drugs tested was &lt;1 being the biggest for PG. The weak antioxidant capacity of the test penicillins was confirmed in the trolox antioxidant capacity assay (0.075\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.004; 0.093\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.006; 0.123\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.005; 0.126\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.004) for OX, AMP, DOX, PG, respectively. Use of luminol as a CL probe for estimation of penicillin reactivity towards H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> showed that only AMP was able to quench light emission; the remaining antibiotics demonstrated a strong enhancing effect. All the examined compounds showed a weak antioxidant potential when estimated using the ferric\u2010ferrozine assay. This study is the first to report the evaluation of test penicillins as antioxidants under the same reaction conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.3199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,11]],"date-time":"2016-08-11T06:52:40Z","timestamp":1470898360000},"page":"434-442","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Radical\u2010scavenging activity of penicillin G, ampicillin, oxacillin, and dicloxacillin"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Berczy\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin  Al. 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Piast\u00f3w 48\/49 70\u2010311 Szczecin Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan Y.","family":"Aboul\u2010Enein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division National Research Centre  Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2008.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1232751"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"1","volume":"21","author":"Zhao X.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science Direct"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.06.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1401876111"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MCBI.0000049134.69131.89"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/481782"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom5020472"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00018.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2007.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2006.05.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2010.01.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3894(02)00282-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.1302.02045"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05010-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(93)90043-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ar50088a003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(85)81208-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3103\/S0027131412030029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.2544"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(81)80114-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(89)90442-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.69.999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0023-6438(95)80008-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0840407"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c0ay00245c"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.127456"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1232688"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","volume":"9","author":"Rosoto R. 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