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Their photoluminescent properties were investigated. Furthermore, theoretical studies on these materials using the density functional theory calculation were conducted. To explore their electroluminescent properties, multilayered organic light\u2010emitting diodes were fabricated with the following device structure: indium\u2013tin\u2013oxide (180\u00a0nm)\/4,4\u2032\u2010bis(<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010(1\u2010naphthyl)\u2010<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010phenylamino)biphenyl (50\u00a0nm)\/blue emitting materials (<jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold> and <jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold>) (30\u00a0nm)\/bathophenanthroline (35\u00a0nm)\/8\u2010hydroxy\u2010quinolinato lithium (2\u00a0nm)\/Al (100\u00a0nm). Two devices showed efficient blue emission with the external quantum efficiencies of 1.58% and 1.30%, respectively, at 20\u00a0mA\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, and Commission Internationale d\u00c9clairage coordinates of (0.18, 0.24) and (0.19, 0.27) at 6.0\u00a0V. These results suggest that the self\u2010aggregation properties of emitters would have considerable effects on their photoluminescent and electroluminescent properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.3307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,19]],"date-time":"2017-04-19T06:07:04Z","timestamp":1492582024000},"page":"1180-1185","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Blue organic light\u2010emitting diodes based on fluorene\u2010bridged quinazoline and quinoxaline derivatives"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Dong Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jisu","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song Eun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Display Hongik University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Kwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Display Hongik University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Soo","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.118664"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/16393"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200901895"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3cc41441h"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2012.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2jm14869b"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TC00523F"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200801240"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.synthmet.2011.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2013.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tcr.201500221"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orgel.2010.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200304630"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optmat.2016.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TC00354K"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TC00487F"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200800375"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201100304"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TC01285J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TC01989G"}],"container-title":["Luminescence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbio.3307","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bio.3307","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/bio.3307","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bio.3307","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T01:54:00Z","timestamp":1759974840000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bio.3307"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,19]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bio.3307"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bio.3307","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1522-7235","1522-7243"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1522-7235","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-7243","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,19]]}}}