{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T12:48:47Z","timestamp":1770900527428,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001343","name":"University of Pretoria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001343","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Luminescence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The development of amine\u2010functionalized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) linked to mycolic acids (MAs) as a potential fluorescent biosensor to detect tuberculosis (TB) biomarkers is described. GQDs have attractive properties: high fluorescence, excellent biocompatibility, good water solubility, and low toxicity. MAs are lipids that are found in the cell wall of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> that are antigenic, however, they are soluble only in chloroform and hexane. Chloroform\u2010soluble MAs were covalently linked to synthesized water\u2010soluble GQDs using an amide connection to create a potential fluorescent water\u2010soluble TB biosensor: MA\u2010GQDs. Fluorescence results showed that GQDs had a narrow emission spectrum with the highest emission at 440\u2009nm, while MA\u2010GQDs had a broader spectrum with the highest emission at 470\u2009nm, after exciting at 360\u2009nm. The appearance of the peptide bond (amide linkage) in the Fourier\u2010transform infrared spectrum of MA\u2010GQDs confirmed the successful linking of MAs to GQDs. Powder X\u2010ray diffraction exhibited an increase in the number of peaks for MA\u2010GQDs relative to GQDs, suggesting that linking MAs to GQDs changed the crystal structure thereof. The linked MA\u2010GQDs showed good solubility in water, high fluorescence, and visual flow through a nitrocellulose membrane. These properties are promising for biomedical fluorescence sensing applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.4368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T00:39:55Z","timestamp":1661128795000},"page":"1881-1890","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Development of a mycolic acid\u2010graphene quantum dot probe as a potential tuberculosis biosensor"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Kapambwe P.","family":"Kabwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences University of Pretoria  Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sifiso A.","family":"Nsibande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences University of Pretoria  Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynne A.","family":"Pilcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences University of Pretoria  Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3453-9162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia B. 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