{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T06:33:37Z","timestamp":1770273217862,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Luminescence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Entecavir and penciclovir are nucleoside\u2010analog antiviral drugs structurally related to guanine that act by inhibiting the active viral replication process. Through this study, the quantitation of both drugs was carried out using two fluorescent probes, referred to as fluoroprobes. The first type was prepared by the addition of surfactants such as Tween 80 and sodium dodecyl sulfate (micelle\u2010enhanced fluoroprobes), while the second type includes the formation of a tertiary complex of drug\u2010terbium\u2010DNA (Tb\u2010DNA fluoroprobes). The preparation of the fluoroprobes was optimized using analytical quality by design (AQbD) via I\u2010optimal design. A positive effect of the selected antiviral drugs on DNA mismatching was observed. The analytical procedures were validated according to ICH guidelines with a linearity range of 2.0\u201340.0\u2009\u03bcM and 25.0\u2013300.0\u2009nM for micelle\u2010enhanced and Tb\u2010DNA fluoroprobes, respectively. The analytical procedures were evaluated in compliance with the three\u2010color (GBW) assessments: greenness (using AGREE and ComplexGAPI metrics), blueness (using the BAGI tool), and whiteness (using the RGB algorithm). The sustainability profiles were established using the efficient\u2010valid\u2010green (EVG) framework. Both types of fluoroprobes were successfully applied to quantify entecavir and penciclovir in content uniformity testing and spiked human plasma as a simpler and cheaper alternative to hyphenated analytical techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.70128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T02:37:25Z","timestamp":1741747045000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Analytical\u2010Quality\u2010by\u2010Design Fluoroprobes for Quantitation of Entecavir and Penciclovir in Spiked Human Plasma and Content Uniformity Testing: Insights of DNA Mismatching, Three\u2010Colors Assessment and Sustainability Profiling"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1608-008X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah\u00a0S.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA)  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Samir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA)  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omnia\u00a0A.","family":"El\u2010Naem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA)  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference","author":"Sweetman S. C.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Clarke's Analysis of Drugs and Poisons","author":"Moffat A. C.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoacint\/qsab015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bfopcu.2016.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3724\/zdxbyxb\u20102021\u20130247"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"HPLC Determination of Entecavir in Pure, Tablet Dosage Form and Spiked Plasma","volume":"39","author":"Ashraf M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2009.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/46.9.819"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10337\u2010017\u20103441\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2008.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1365\/s10337\u2010006\u20100056\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.1468"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA02297F"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-382239-0.00010-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0731-7085(88)80071-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13065\u2010023\u201000979\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talo.2022.100179"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.4742"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2022.340592"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010023\u201040946\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2RA02241A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-022-00685-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Handbook of Analytical Quality by Design","author":"Beg S.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2024.464901"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3EM00339F"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.202300605"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43094\u2010021\u201000396\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010023\u201030051\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.3479"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.4257"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/EN23092"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346\u2010023\u201001315\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224065.2012.11917886"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0924\u20100136(03)00861\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2018.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2011.08.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2021.106535"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Harmonization, Geneva (2005)","author":"ICH"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c01887"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1GC02318G"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2018.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2021.106234"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","volume-title":"Green Chromatographic Techniques: Separation and Purification of Organic and Inorganic Analytes","author":"Mohammad A.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2024.109917"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3GC02347H"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2021.116223"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/EN22108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","unstructured":"USP \u201cUnited States Pharmacopeia (USP) \u201d USA (2004)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270006293304"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-04579-7.00146-5"}],"container-title":["Luminescence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bio.70128","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T18:43:21Z","timestamp":1759949001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bio.70128"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bio.70128"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bio.70128","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1522-7235","1522-7243"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1522-7235","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-7243","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70128"}}