{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T11:51:59Z","timestamp":1775821919160,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Luminescence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In this study, we investigate the performance of an Indium tin oxide (ITO)\u2013graphene heterojunction photoreactor, fabricated using the RF\u2010sputtering method. The ITO thin film, with a thickness of 23.4\u2009nm and a grain size of 12.5\u2009nm, was deposited onto graphene under an oxygen\u2010to\u2010argon gas ratio of 1:20. The ITO area was precisely controlled using a metal mask, resulting in an ITO\u2013graphene heterojunction structure. The photoreactor exhibited a significant increase in current under forward bias, with a cut\u2010in voltage of 2.8\u2009V and leakage current under reverse bias. Schottky junction characteristics were observed between the ITO and graphene. At \u22120.2\u2009V bias, the dark current was 0.55\u2009nA\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , while the device demonstrated high photoresponsivity (1.56 A\/W) and photodetectivity (9\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>12<\/jats:sup>\n                    Jones). Notably, the device showed tunneling\u2010induced amplification of the photocurrent, approximately 44 times, due to photoelectrons tunneling from the graphene side to the ITO layer. This tunneling effect plays a crucial role in enhancing the device's performance. Additionally, the device demonstrated self\u2010powered operation, with rise and fall times of 0.544\u2009and 0.613\u2009ms, respectively, under modulated light. These findings underscore the potential of ITO\u2013graphene heterojunctions for high\u2010performance photodetectors, with tunneling\u2010induced amplification as a key mechanism for improved photoresponse.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.70277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T07:48:27Z","timestamp":1754034507000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Tunneling\u2010Induced Amplification of Photoexcited Electrons in ITO\u2013Graphene Heterojunction Photodetectors for High\u2010Performance Photodetection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Jin\u00a0Heung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Kumoh National Institute of Technology  Gumi Gyeongbuk Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Research and Development MCK Tech Co. Ltd.  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae\u00a0Sun","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Kumoh National Institute of Technology  Gumi Gyeongbuk Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Kumoh National Institute of Technology  Gumi Gyeongbuk Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bontu\u00a0Habtamu","family":"Geremew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Kumoh National Institute of Technology  Gumi Gyeongbuk Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Velu","family":"Subash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Kumoh National Institute of Technology  Gumi Gyeongbuk Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9148-8413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Velu","family":"Manikandan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Kumoh National Institute of Technology  Gumi Gyeongbuk Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwang\u00a0Soup","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Kumoh National Institute of Technology  Gumi Gyeongbuk Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2830"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4249"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4863441"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.3.001066"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/am4026505"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2022.154485"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.4.000835"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.6.000514"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2019.03.163"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/nanoph-2019-0499"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA03765A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2020.112232"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-021-00553-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","article-title":"Work Function Tunable Laser Induced Graphene Electrodes for Schottky Type Solar\u2010Blind Photodetectors Appl","volume":"120","author":"Wu C.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physics Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/nanoph-2021-0738"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spmi.2020.106564"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2020.05.338"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2020.148202"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.9b02371"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13010089"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11030787"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.0c01421"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.202202059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b07997"}],"container-title":["Luminescence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bio.70277","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/bio.70277","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bio.70277","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T11:01:02Z","timestamp":1775818862000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bio.70277"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bio.70277"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bio.70277","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1522-7235","1522-7243"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1522-7235","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-7243","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70277"}}