{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:46:46Z","timestamp":1792100806162,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Luminescence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study developed and validated a simple, sensitive spectrofluorimetric method for quantifying levofloxacin in pure form, pharmaceutical formulations, and biological samples. The method is based on fluorescence quenching of L\u2010tryptophan upon interaction with levofloxacin in borate buffer (pH\u200910.5), forming a stable complex. Following excitation at 286\u2009nm, fluorescence emission was recorded at 362\u2009nm, and the quenching induced decrease in emission intensity was quantitatively monitored. Key experimental parameters, including buffer pH and volume, L\u2010tryptophan concentration and volume, were systematically optimized to enhance complex formation. Across a concentration range of 0.2\u20131.0\u2009\u03bcg\u2009mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , a linear calibration curve with excellent correlation coefficient (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.9997) was obtained. The method exhibited detection and quantification limits of 0.0043 and 0.014\u2009\u03bcg\u2009mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , respectively. No interference from common pharmaceutical excipients was observed. Levofloxacin was successfully determined in standard solutions, commercial formulations, and biological samples. Validation according to ICH guidelines confirmed excellent precision, accuracy, and sensitivity. The method is reliable, cost effective, and suitable for routine analysis, with strong sustainability demonstrated by AGERR and BAGI assessments.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.70487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T06:02:34Z","timestamp":1776405754000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["An L\u2010Tryptophan Fluorescence Quenching Approach for Sensitive Determination of Levofloxacin in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Samples"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1860-8589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahzad","family":"Hameed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology  Nanjing Jiangsu Province P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7470-4081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad\u00a0Naeem","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Allama Iqbal Open University  Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehwash","family":"Zia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Allama Iqbal Open University  Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malak\u00a0Ghufran","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology  Nanjing Jiangsu Province P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeeshan","family":"Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Government Degree College Lalqilla, Dir Lower  Lalqilla Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","article-title":"The Side Effects of the Most Commonly Used Group of Antibiotics in Periodontal Treatments","volume":"6","author":"Heta S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medical Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2010.090522"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"277","article-title":"The Antibiotic Resistance Crisis: Part 1: Causes and Threats","volume":"40","author":"Ventola C. 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