{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:31:05Z","timestamp":1786977065556,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006261","name":"Taif University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TU\u2010DSPP\u20102024\u201065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TU\u2010DSPP\u20102024\u201065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Luminescence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Ciprofloxacin (CIP) release in water sources is a worldwide concern due to its harmful impact on the health of the ecosystem. One approach to address this issue is photocatalytic antibiotic degradation in water systems using chalcogens in the form of thin films. In the current study, chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique was used to deposit the SnS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and Zr\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      1\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    Sn\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    S\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.6) thin films. Using XRD, the structural characteristics of the thin films that were deposited were investigated. Analysis of the absorption spectra showed that the thin films possessed optical bandgaps of 3.7 and 4.3 for SnS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and Zr\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      1\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    Sn\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    S\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.6), correspondingly. A range of parameters were examined, including starting CIP concentrations of 1, 3, 5, and 7\u2009ppm, pH levels of 5, 7, and 11, and irradiation periods (30, 60, 90, and 120\u2009min). The pseudo\u2010second order and Langmuir models were employed to assess the kinetic process. The maximum CIP elimination efficacy was achieved at pH\u20095, with an initial CIP concentration of 1\u2009ppm and irradiation time of 30\u2009min for both SnS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and Zr\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      1\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    Sn\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    S\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.6) thin films.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.70492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T03:40:50Z","timestamp":1777606850000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Harnessing Semiconductor Metal Chalcogenide Zr\u2010Doped SnS\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Thin Films for Advanced Oxidation and Environmental Remediation: Photoremediation of Antibiotic Ciprofloxacin Pollution"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Kainat Waqar","family":"Lodhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus  Abbottabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanzeela","family":"Fazal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Abbottabad University of Science and Technology  Abbottabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mazloom","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Grand Asian University  Sialkot Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bushra","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus  Abbottabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asad Muhammad","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus  Abbottabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8500-9528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Bahadur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanomaterials Research Center, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mathematics, and Technology Wenzhou\u2010Kean University  Wenzhou Zhejiang Province China"},{"name":"Dorothy and George Hennings College of Science, Mathematics and Technology Kean University  Union New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3866-3216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahid","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Government Graduate College  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajid","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Low Dimensional Materials Research Center at Khazar University  Baku Azerbaijan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abd\u2010ElAziem","family":"Farouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Science Taif University  Taif Saudi 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