{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T02:03:29Z","timestamp":1779761009758,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Luminescence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In this study, we report a scalable and green solid\u2010state synthesis of nitrogen\u2010doped carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from hazelnut shell biomass, using citric acid and urea as carbon and nitrogen sources. Controlled BaCl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and ZnCl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    doping was applied to tailor nucleation, crystallinity, and surface chemistry. Structural analyses (FTIR, XRD, STEM, XPS, and DLS) revealed that BaCl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010assisted CQDs exhibited higher graphitization, narrower size distribution (7\u201313\u2009nm), and fewer defects, while ZnCl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010assisted CQDs showed more amorphous and heteroatom\u2010rich surfaces. Optical measurements indicated strong \u03c0\u2013\u03c0* absorption (\u2248280\u2009nm), bright blue emission (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bb<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>em<\/jats:sub>\n                    405\u2013412\u2009nm), and quantum yields of 63.4% (BaCl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and 50.1% (ZnCl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), with &gt;\u200995% stability after 30\u2009days. When used as OLED emissive layers, BaCl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010CQDs achieved a luminous efficiency of 0.75\u2009cd\u2009A\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , nearly four times that of ZnCl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010CQDs (0.20\u2009cd\u2009A\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), despite lower maximum luminance (48.9 vs. 308.1\u2009cd\u2009m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). These results highlight metal ion\u2013assisted nucleation as an effective strategy to engineer CQD properties and enhance device performance, paving the way for sustainable, scalable OLED technologies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.70503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T10:23:44Z","timestamp":1778581424000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Metal Ion\u2013Engineered Carbon Quantum Dots From Hazelnut Shell via Solid\u2010State Synthesis for Efficient OLED Devices"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Fatmanur Uyumaz","family":"Cengiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Marmara University  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Figen","family":"T\u00fcrksoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials and Process Technologies T\u00dcB\u0130TAK Marmara Research Center  Kocaeli T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emine","family":"Tekin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts Duzce University  D\u00fczce T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcldem","family":"Utkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Center Sabanci University  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erhan \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc","family":"Cengiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Marmara University  Istanbul 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