{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T05:46:39Z","timestamp":1782539199266,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Luminescence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Controlling defect chemistry and crystal morphology in lead\u2010free halide perovskites can provide a new pathways leads to high\u2010performance optoelectronic devices. This work investigates a stable Sn\n                    <jats:sup>4+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010based Cs\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    SnCl\n                    <jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>\n                    system through gradient HCl\u2010mediated approach to address Sn\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    instability. The influence of HCl concentration shows clear effects on crystal growth, defects, and optoelectronic properties. The optimized 0.048\u2009mol\/L HCl sample shows a well\u2010defined truncated octahedral morphology, with better structural ordering and a sharper A\n                    <jats:sub>1g<\/jats:sub>\n                    Raman mode. It has strong UV absorption of around 3.83\u2009eV, and better photoluminescence with a PLQY of ~27.3%. The corresponding large Stokes shift (~0.6\u2009eV) owing to controlled defect states that balance radiative and non\u2010radiative recombination pathways. Significantly, this sample displays n\u2010type conductivity with enhanced carrier transport, an unreported electrical behavior in Cs\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    SnCl\n                    <jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>\n                    , with a carrier concentration (1.35\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and resistivity (0.55\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009\u03a9\u2009cm). This material shows good structural stability over 200\u2009days at ambient conditions and thermally stable up to 600\u00b0C. Variation in HCl concentration controls the growth of [SnCl\n                    <jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>\n                    ]\n                    <jats:sup>2\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    octahedra, which affects both morphology and defect states, contributing better material performance. These observation suggests that Cs\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    SnCl\n                    <jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>\n                    is a promising candidate for lead\u2010free optoelectronic applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.70522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T10:53:36Z","timestamp":1780397616000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Illuminating Morphological Evolution: Unveiling the Photoluminescence Secrets of Cs\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    SnCl\n                    <sub>6<\/sub>\n                    Lead\u2010Free Halide Perovskite"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4327-6591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priyadharshni","family":"Karthikeyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Materials Laboratory PSG Institute of Advanced Studies  Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0169-2737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Althaf","family":"Raja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Materials Laboratory PSG Institute of Advanced Studies  Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7213-7348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rathish","family":"Sivakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Materials Laboratory PSG Institute of Advanced Studies  Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2862-9239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sathishkumar","family":"Krishnamoorthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Materials Laboratory PSG Institute of Advanced Studies  Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8012-2273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Swathi Tharani","family":"Dharmalingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrochemical Sensor and Energy Materials Laboratory PSG Institute of Advanced Studies  Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2042-845X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Venkateswaran","family":"Ramalingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry PSG College of Arts &amp; Science, Civil Aerodrome Post  Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6786-7261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anuradha","family":"Ashok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Materials Laboratory PSG Institute of Advanced Studies  Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201503573"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl5048779"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aag2700"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b05602"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.201508276"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1557\/mre.2017.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2014.134"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eom2.12082"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820\u2010020\u201000578\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2025.184629"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201601418"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.6b01047"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2014.82"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c4ee01076k"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00706\u2010017\u20101933\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.4c02261"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pssr.201600166"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c5cp03102h"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c8qm00611c"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201803230"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c8ta03133a"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201901650"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solmat.2016.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.6b00433"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.6b02175"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2015.10.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.7b02803"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.4c04141"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201801131"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12091501"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12200\u2010019\u20100907\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28083593"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja508464w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820\u2010023\u201001040\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2020.00035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst9050258"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2025.138000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377\u2010023\u201001117\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","article-title":"Novel Properties of Vacancy\u2010Ordered Perovskite\u2010Cs2BCl6 Induced by D\u2010Orbital Electrons","volume":"11","author":"Zhang J. 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