{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T05:46:59Z","timestamp":1782539219919,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004242","name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004242","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Luminescence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This work examines the BaO, ZnO and CaO metal oxides' role in lead borate glasses' mechanical, optical and radiation shielding performance. Using the melting\u2013quenching method at 1100\u00b0C, the lead borate glass system was fabricated. According to the Makishima\u2013Makinze model, the most elevated mechanical properties were for the glass samples with CaO additives, including elastic moduli, hardness and bond strength. On the other hand, the glass samples with BaO additives achieved the lowest mechanical properties, while the ZnO compound glasses had intermediate glass former and modifier properties. Furthermore, the fabricated glasses' optical property measurements confirmed that the glass samples with ZnO additives had the lowest refractive index, 2.306, while the CaO\u2010containing glasses had a refractive index of 2.617. The impact of various metal oxides (BaO, CaO and ZnO) on the fabricated glasses' shielding performance was examined using the Monte Carlo simulation code along the energy interval of 0.02\u201310\u2009MeV. The glass samples with BaO additives have the highest LACs among the investigated glasses, which decreased from 132.135 to 0.140\u2009cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    when the \u03b3\u2010ray energy rose between 0.02 and 10\u2009MeV.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.70536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T06:30:30Z","timestamp":1781332230000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lead Borate Glass Series for Radiation Shielding Applications: The Influence of CaO, BaO and ZnO on Optical, Mechanical, and Radiation Shielding Properties"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3040-8878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. I.","family":"Sayyed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Faculty of Science Isra University  Amman Jordan"},{"name":"Department of Physics and Technical Sciences Western Caspian University  Baku Azerbaijan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. A.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Dogus University  Istanbul Dudullu\u2010\u00dcmraniye Turkey"},{"name":"Ural Federal University  Yekaterinburg Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aljawhara H.","family":"Almuqrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, College of Science Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. S.","family":"Ashwajeet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Studies in Physics Davanagere University  Davanagere Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. N.","family":"Raghavendra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Studies in Physics Davanagere University  Davanagere Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2022.05.529"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1140\/epjp\/s13360\u2010022\u201003579\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2024.12.407"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.70128\/592452"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.70128\/585024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anucene.2024.110404"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.70128\/585023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2024.112499"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anucene.2024.111134"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2024.112475"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.134290"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"020036","volume-title":"AIP Conference Proceedings","author":"Mahmoud K. A.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2018.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.70128\/611002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2020.03.474"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2022.110492"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2023.133260"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2023.131360"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optmat.2024.115488"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1402\u20104896\/ad911d"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2024.05.273"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12633\u2010024\u201003045\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2298\/NTRP2502121E"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010025\u201085230\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2024.111896"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2022.108262"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2025.113286"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2022.169900"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.net.2016.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnoncrysol.2013.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnoncrysol.2007.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2014.03.162"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","volume-title":"Electronic Processes in Non\u2010Crystalline Materials","author":"Mott N. F.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnoncrysol.2020.120463"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.61343\/jcm.v2i02.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022\u20103093(75)90047\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022\u20103093(73)90053\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","unstructured":"X\u20105 Monte Carlo Team \u201cMCNP\u2014a General Monte Carlo N\u2010Particle Transport Code Version 5 \u201d La\u2010Ur\u201003\u20101987 II (2003)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpcs.2022.110627"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnoncrysol.2020.120272"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2023.105120"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2298\/NTRP2303179A"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2298\/NTRP2502112A"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1140\/epjp\/s13360\u2010026\u201007419\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1140\/epjp\/s13360\u2010020\u201001011\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2024.111720"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optmat.2013.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082\u2010024\u201006596\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnoncrysol.2015.11.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.materresbull.2015.03.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solidstatesciences.2016.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rinp.2018.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnoncrysol.2015.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082\u2010023\u201005654\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anucene.2025.111557"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2017.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201056040\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/SSP.307.327"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48048\/tis.2024.8759"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2020.07.187"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnoncrysol.2021.121090"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnoncrysol.2017.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32732\/jma.2020.9.1.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32434\/0321\u20104095\u20102020\u2010133\u20106\u201069\u201074"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optmat.2022.112911"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlumin.2011.12.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cm034292p"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","first-page":"080009","volume-title":"AIP Conference Proceedings","author":"Rani A.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010025\u201021224\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.62638\/ZasMat1147"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022\u20103093(86)90484\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","unstructured":"A. G.Schott \u201cRadiation Shielding Glasses \u201d Hattenbergstrasse 10 55122 Mainz Germany (2013) www.schott.com\/advanced_optics."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2025.112845"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10904\u2010025\u201003908\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2024.111762"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010025\u201005275\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.materresbull.2026.114023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2026.114918"}],"container-title":["Luminescence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bio.70536","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/bio.70536","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bio.70536","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T05:05:09Z","timestamp":1782536709000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bio.70536"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bio.70536"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bio.70536","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1522-7235","1522-7243"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1522-7235","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-7243","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70536"}}