{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T23:02:43Z","timestamp":1790377363132,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1A2C1092509"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A2C1092509"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Luminescence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Double perovskite materials, such as strontium\u2013gadolinium tetra tungstate (Sr\n                    <jats:sub>9<\/jats:sub>\n                    Gd\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    W\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>24<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), offer tunable luminescence by adjusting composition and structure, making them ideal for LED and display applications. In this study, Sr\n                    <jats:sub>9<\/jats:sub>\n                    Gd\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    W\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>24<\/jats:sub>\n                    phosphors doped with various concentrations of Mn\n                    <jats:sup>4+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ions were synthesized using the sol\u2013gel method and systematically investigated to elucidate their structural, optical, and luminescent properties. The XRD and FTIR confirmed the crystal structure and phase purity, while the DRS studies revealed a suitable band gap for optoelectronic applications. Under the excitation of 343\u2009nm, the phosphors exhibit intense red emission at 681\u2009nm, attributed to\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    E\n                    <jats:sub>g<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009\u2192\u2009\n                    <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sub>2g<\/jats:sub>\n                    transition of Mn\n                    <jats:sup>4+<\/jats:sup>\n                    . The photoluminescence color photometry analysis revealed emission in the red region with a color purity of 96.21%. Crystal field analysis helps to estimate factors such as Racah parameters and nephelauxetic parameters. These parameters suggest that Mn\n                    <jats:sup>4+<\/jats:sup>\n                    experience a strong crystal field within the Sr\n                    <jats:sub>9<\/jats:sub>\n                    Gd\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    W\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>24<\/jats:sub>\n                    matrix and a moderate degree of covalency between Mn\n                    <jats:sup>4+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2013O\n                    <jats:sup>2\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    bonds. Electron paramagnetic resonance studies were also performed on the current phosphor to investigate the dopant's coordination in the host. The results suggest potential application in deep\u2010red LEDs for plant growth and advanced ceramics for optoelectronics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.70611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T06:49:12Z","timestamp":1787986152000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sol\u2013Gel\u2013Synthesized Mn\n                    <sup>4+<\/sup>\n                    \u2010Doped Sr\n                    <sub>9<\/sub>\n                    Gd\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    W\n                    <sub>4<\/sub>\n                    O\n                    <sub>24<\/sub>\n                    Red Phosphor: Structural, Optical, and EPR Studies for Deep\u2010Red LEDs and Plant Growth Lighting Applications"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5058-7124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijay","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering Konkuk University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0553-3212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumandeep","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Lalit Narayan Mithila University  Darbhanga Bihar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7710-7151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ch. B. Annapurna","family":"Devi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics KKR &amp; KSR Institute of Technology &amp; Sciences  Guntur Andhra Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4396-1210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amol","family":"Nande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guru Nanak College of Science  Ballarpur India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0414-715X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajamouli","family":"Boddula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities SR University  Warangal Telangana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8199-6505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. S.","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Vikrama Simhapuri University  Nellore Andhra Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4950-6278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji Bong","family":"Joo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering Konkuk University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2025.116750"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2019.05.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2023.172102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsf.2023.140134"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2025.113831"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2023.233166"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2013.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b01202"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mseb.2026.119257"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtchem.2025.102909"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2026.117063"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b01269"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2024.02.183"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/2.020307jss"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2025.185851"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","article-title":"Mn4+ Doped Tetratungstate Sr9Gd2W4O24 Far\u2010Red Phosphor: Synthesis, Luminescence Properties and Potential Applications in Indoor Plant Cultivation","volume":"220","author":"Han Y. 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