{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:06:43Z","timestamp":1792033603004,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Luminescence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A rapid, sensitive, and sustainable fluorimetric method based on fluorescence quenching of nitrogen\u2010doped carbon quantum dots (N\u2010CQDs) is introduced for the first time to determine betahistine dihydrochloride (BTH). The N\u2010CQDs were prepared via a simple hydrothermal approach and characterized using transmission electron microscopy for electronic structure and morphology, ultraviolet\u2013visible absorption spectroscopy, energy\u2010dispersive X\u2010ray spectroscopy, and Fourier\u2010transform infrared spectroscopy, confirming their nanoscale structure, elemental composition, and surface functionalization. The N\u2010CQDs gave strong blue emission at 440.0\u2009nm upon excitation at 345.0\u2009nm. BTH\u2010induced concentration\u2010dependent quenching of N\u2010CQDs fluorescence was mainly due to static quenching. Under optimized conditions, the proposed method showed excellent linearity over the concentration range of 0.025\u20134.00\u2009\u03bcg\/mL. The method was successfully applied to pharmaceutical dosage forms, content uniformity testing, and urine samples, providing accurate results with satisfactory recoveries and good precision, without interference from common excipients or matrix components. Notably, the procedure operates entirely in distilled water, requiring minimal reagents with a short incubation time, highlighting its simplicity and practicality. The greenness and sustainability of the developed method were quantitatively evaluated and confirmed using the carbon footprint reduction index (CaFRI), the newly developed Nanomaterials Assessment Tool (NAT), and an integrated NQS\u2013SAMI assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.70617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T13:38:36Z","timestamp":1788874716000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An Eco\u2010Friendly N\u2010Doped Carbon Quantum Dot\u2013Based Fluorimetric Assay for Sensitive Betahistine Quantitation in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Fluids"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1236-9529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona A.","family":"Kamel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University  Cairo Egypt"},{"name":"Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Ahram Canadian University  6th of October City Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4082-8577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoda M.","family":"Marzouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adel M.","family":"Michael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Ahram Canadian University  6th of October City Egypt"},{"name":"Casual Academic Charles Sturt University  Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samah S.","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine K.","family":"Nessim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Ahram Canadian University  6th of October City Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.4c02757"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0MA00106F"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1TB01077H"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13065-022-00894-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11123419"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.4801"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000515821"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-015-0341-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"116","article-title":"Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Betahistine Dihydrochloride and Etilefrine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Formulation","volume":"2","author":"Anis S.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-7406.67013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"248","article-title":"Betahistine Dihydrochloride Quantitative Determination in Dosage Forms by the Reaction With Sodium 1, 2\u2010Napthoquinone\u20104\u2010Sulphonate","volume":"20","author":"Donchenko \u0410.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zaporizhzhya Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"168","article-title":"Dissolution Method Development Followed by Spectrophotometric Analysis and Validation of Betahistine Hydrochloride Controlled Release Tablets","volume":"2","author":"Gangrade D. 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