{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T23:03:05Z","timestamp":1790377385903,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Luminescence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Indium phosphide (InP) quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as promising cadmium\u2010free luminescent nanomaterials for near\u2010infrared (NIR) bioimaging and theranostic applications owing to their tunable optical properties, photostability, and improved biocompatibility. This review highlights recent advances in the photophysical engineering of InP QDs, focusing on the mechanisms that govern NIR luminescence, including quantum confinement, excitonic relaxation, defect\u2010state modulation, and band\u2010edge fine\u2010structure effects. The influence of molecular\u2010level surface engineering, such as ligand optimization, core\/shell heterostructure design, interfacial alloying, and oxidative passivation, is critically discussed in relation to emission efficiency, colloidal stability, and environmental resistance. Recent studies demonstrating extended NIR emission, multiplexed bioimaging, resonance energy transfer\u2010based sensing, and image\u2010guided therapeutic applications underline the growing biomedical potential of InP QDs. In addition, current knowledge regarding biodistribution, biotransformation, and biological interactions is assessed to better understand their in\u00a0vivo performance and safety. Despite significant progress, challenges related to long\u2010term stability, degradation pathways, scalable manufacturing, regulatory approval, and clinical implementation remain. Overall, this review provides an integrated perspective on the relationships between photophysical properties, surface chemistry, and biological behavior, offering strategic directions for the development of efficient luminescent InP QDs for next\u2010generation biomedical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.70620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T05:56:25Z","timestamp":1789451785000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Indium Phosphide Quantum Dots for Near\u2010Infrared Luminescence\u2010Based Bioimaging and Theranostics: From Photophysical Design to Clinical Translation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Mohamed Abu","family":"Shuheil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research Al\u2010Ahliyya Amman University  Amman Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdi E. A.","family":"Zaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maharshikumar B.","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Gokul Global University  Sidhpur Gujarat India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruchi","family":"Bharti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences Chandigarh University  Mohali Punjab India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussein Ali","family":"Salah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Technologies, College of Medical Technologies The Islamic University  Najaf Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irwanjot","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research Impact and Outcome Chitkara University  Rajpura Punjab India"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Sharda School of Engineering &amp; Sciences Sharda University  Greater Noida India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sobhi M.","family":"Gomha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Islamic University of Madinah  Madinah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masharipov Kamolbek","family":"Ko'palovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Science Mamun University Khiva  Khiva Uzbekistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6365-2340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Arsalanirad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Young Researchers and Elite Club Islamic Azad University of Tehran  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5RA06797A"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5NH00723B"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.5c09889"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5NR03865K"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202503703"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202521226"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5SC07232H"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202503230"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202511951"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2026.186278"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202513631"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmate.2026.100393"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5NJ04332H"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.5c02861"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"H. S.Chen Y. J.Ho andT. W.Wang \u201cSSRN 6145197\u201d."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsphotonics.5c02796"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-36019-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29026\/oea.2026.250270"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-026-04483-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202521722"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.6c00834"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c17035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-69050-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-025-02167-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/ae3fc5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","unstructured":"A.GulucuandE. O.Polat \u201carXiv:2604.14992 \u201d (2026)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202515691"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rechem.2026.103144"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","first-page":"3160","article-title":"Study of Indium Phosphide Quantum Dots\/Carbon Quantum Dots System for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production From Hydrogen Sulfide","volume":"11","author":"Chen Y.","year":"2023","journal-title":"PRO"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c07029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202202036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.5c09889"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c13834"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.1c00600"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.4c03510"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.4c00168"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.2c03074"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.5c01185"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.202501169"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-023-00596-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.7b02204"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202404480"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202404426"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202201845"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c12652"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.5c01061"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c18530"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15251\/DJNB.2023.182.703"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.5c02060"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c08954"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochemrev.2023.100588"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.151152"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jchemed.2c01167"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4TB01334D"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAB.537532"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11696-025-04480-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.3c02630"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c01305"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.2c04308"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","article-title":"Study on the Nonlinear Optical Properties and Photoaging Behavior of the Composite System of Metal Phthalocyanine and Indium Phosphide Quantum Dots With Different Centers","author":"Du X.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Optical Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2023.106593"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.2c04936"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.202300439"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202513545"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c01648"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08197-z"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Energy Spectra of Indium Phosphide (InP) Quantum dot in D\u2010dimensions with the Hulthen\u2010Yukawa Potential","volume":"5","author":"Otete I.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asian Research Journal of Current Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","article-title":"Research Progress in InP Quantum Dot Luminescent Materials: From Synthesis to Device Applications","volume":"54","author":"Wang Y.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infrared and Laser Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c10203"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202500294"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c05832"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202402051"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0146484"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.4c00817"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-024-6603-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202202256"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsphotonics.3c00332"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b15433"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7SC00592J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.160729"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c10731"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.1c03219"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.8b12908"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5c01971"}],"container-title":["Luminescence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bio.70620","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/bio.70620","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bio.70620","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T22:57:35Z","timestamp":1790377055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bio.70620"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bio.70620"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bio.70620","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1522-7235","1522-7243"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1522-7235","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-7243","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70620"}}