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Thermal annealing was conducted at 0\u00b0C, 200\u00b0C, 300\u00b0C, and 400\u00b0C. The acidity of GO was minimized through repeated centrifugation, rinsing, and decanting. The resulting films were characterized for structural, morphological, elemental, optical, gas\u2010sensing, and photocatalytic properties. FESEM micrographs revealed nanoflake distributions across the substrate, while EDS confirmed elemental composition with precise mass and atomic percentages. Optical analysis showed high absorbance coefficients that increased with annealing temperature. Thermal conductivity was high, and FTIR spectroscopy identified characteristic functional groups. Gas\u2010sensing tests demonstrated peak sensitivity to hydrogen sulfide (H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S) at 100\u2009ppm. Photocatalytic studies revealed a maximum azo dye degradation efficiency of 98.2%, though efficiency decreased with higher annealing temperatures. Pseudo\u2010first\u2010order rate constants (\n                    <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) increased with annealing temperature, indicating enhanced reaction kinetics. Overall, the synthesized GO variants exhibit promising multifunctional properties, making them strong candidates for integration into gas\u2010sensing and photocatalytic applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.70631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:01:28Z","timestamp":1790834488000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gas Sensing and Photocatalytic Applications of Graphene Oxide Annealed at Various Temperature"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7090-742X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. 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