{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:50:53Z","timestamp":1789865453032,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,30]],"date-time":"2014-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioFactors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The composition of polyphenols in ileal fluid samples obtained from an ileostomy subject after lingonberry intake was compared with lingonberry extracts obtained after simulated <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> digestion (IVDL) and subsequent faecal fermentation (IVFL). HPLC\u2010PDA\u2010MS\/MS analysis confirmed similar patterns of lingonberry (poly)phenolic metabolism after the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> digestion, with reduced recovery of anthocyanins and a similar pattern of recovery for proanthocyanidins observed for both methods of digestion. On the other hand, the IVFL sample contained none of the original (poly)phenolic components but was enriched in simple aromatic components. Digested and fermented extracts exhibited significant (<jats:italic>P &lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.05) anti\u2010genotoxic (Comet assay), anti\u2010mutagenic (Mutation Frequency assay), and anti\u2010invasive (Matrigel Invasion assay) effects in human cell culture models of colorectal cancer at physiologically\u2010relevant doses (0\u201350 \u03bcg\/mL gallic acid equivalents). The ileal fluid induced significant anti\u2010genotoxic activity (<jats:italic>P &lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.05), but at a higher concentration (200 \u03bcg\/mL gallic acid equivalents) than the IVDL. Despite extensive structural modification following digestion and fermentation, lingonberry extracts retained their bioactivity <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. This reinforces the need for studies to consider the impact of digestion when investigating bioactivity of dietary phytochemicals. \u00a9 2014 BioFactors, 40(6):611\u2013623, 2014<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,30]],"date-time":"2014-10-30T12:27:38Z","timestamp":1414672058000},"page":"611-623","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Comparison of <i>in vivo<\/i> and <i>in vitro<\/i> digestion on polyphenol composition in lingonberries: Potential impact on colonic health"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Emma M.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Centre for Molecular Biosciences University of Ulster Coleraine Northern Ireland UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Nitecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Centre for Molecular Biosciences University of Ulster Coleraine Northern Ireland UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gema","family":"Pereira\u2010Caro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medical, Veterinary &amp; Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon J.","family":"McDougall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Group The James Hutton Institute, Mylnefield Invergowrie Dundee UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Group The James Hutton Institute, Mylnefield Invergowrie Dundee UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Rowland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Hugh 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