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Previous data suggest that noise works through two paired pathways in a proposed reaction model for noise exposure. As a nonspecific stressor, chronic low\u2010level noise exposure can cause a disruption of sleep and communication leading to annoyance and subsequent sympathetic and endocrine stress responses leading to increased blood pressure, heart rate, stress hormone levels, and in particular more oxidative stress, being responsible for vascular dysfunction and representing changes of the internal exposome. Chronic stress generates cardiovascular risk factors on its own such as increased blood pressure, blood viscosity, blood glucose, and activation of blood coagulation. To this end, persistent chronic noise exposure increases cardiometabolic diseases, including arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, arrhythmia, heart failure, diabetes mellitus type 2, and stroke. The present review discusses the mechanisms of the nonauditory noise\u2010induced cardiovascular and metabolic consequences, focusing on mental stress signaling pathways, activation of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenocortical axis and sympathetic nervous system, the association of these activations with inflammation, and the subsequent onset of oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction. \u00a9 2019 BioFactors, 45 (4):495\u2013506, 2019<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]],"date-time":"2019-04-02T03:12:42Z","timestamp":1554174762000},"page":"495-506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":155,"title":["Environmental noise induces the release of stress hormones and inflammatory signaling molecules leading to oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction\u2014Signatures of the internal exposome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2769-0094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Daiber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology 1 Center for Cardiology  Mainz Germany"},{"name":"Partner Site Rhine\u2010Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swenja","family":"Kr\u00f6ller\u2010Sch\u00f6n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology 1 Center for Cardiology  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Frenis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology 1 Center for Cardiology  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Oelze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology 1 Center for Cardiology  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanela","family":"Kalinovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology 1 Center for Cardiology  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ksenija","family":"Vujacic\u2010Mirski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology 1 Center for Cardiology  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marin","family":"Kuntic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology 1 Center for Cardiology  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Bayo Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology 1 Center for Cardiology  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Helmst\u00e4dter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology 1 Center for Cardiology  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Steven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology 1 Center for Cardiology  Mainz Germany"},{"name":"Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis University Medical Center Mainz  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bato","family":"Korac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Institute for Biological Research \u201cSinisa Stankovic,\u201d University of Belgrade  Belgrade Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"M\u00fcnzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology 1 Center for Cardiology  Mainz Germany"},{"name":"Partner Site Rhine\u2010Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61766-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30505-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"550","article-title":"Environmental stressors and cardio\u2010metabolic disease: part I\u2010epidemiologic evidence supporting a role for noise and air pollution and effects of mitigation strategies","volume":"38","author":"Munzel T.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. 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