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MSCs, in IL\u20101Ra\u2010dependent manner, suppressed production of IL\u20101\u03b2 in dermal macrophages, induced their polarization in anti\u2010inflammatory M2 phenotype, attenuated antigen\u2010presenting properties of dendritic cells (DCs), and promoted expansion of immunosuppressive T regulatory cells in the skin, which resulted in enhanced repair of the nonhealing wounds. Reduced activation of inflammasome and suppressed production of IL\u20101\u03b2 in macrophages were mainly responsible for beneficial effects of MSC\u2010derived IL\u20101Ra in alleviation of acute lung injury, dry eye syndrome, and corneal injury. Through the production of IL\u20101Ra, MSCs reduced migration of DCs to the draining lymph nodes and attenuated generation of inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells that resulted in alleviation of fulminant hepatitis and rheumatoid arthritis. MSCs, in IL\u20101Ra\u2010dependent manner, reduced liver fibrosis by suppressing production of Type I collagen in hepatic stellate cells. IL\u20101Ra was, at least partially, responsible for enhanced proliferation of hepatocytes and chondrocytes in MSC\u2010treated animals with partial hepatectomy and osteoarthritis. Despite of these beneficial effects, IL\u20101Ra\u2010dependent inhibition of IL\u20101\u03b1\/IL\u20101\u03b2\u2010signaling significantly increased risk of infections. Therefore, future experimental and clinical studies should delineate potential side effects of MSC\u2010derived IL\u20101Ra before IL\u20101Ra\u2010overexpressing MSCs could be used as a potentially new therapeutic agent for the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]],"date-time":"2019-11-22T12:48:28Z","timestamp":1574426908000},"page":"263-275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["The role of Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in mesenchymal stem cell\u2010based tissue repair and regeneration"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Carl Randall","family":"Harrell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenerative Processing Plant, LLC Palm Harbor Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bojana 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