{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T05:16:50Z","timestamp":1789535810242,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]],"date-time":"2020-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioFactors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Steroid\u2010resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is a clinical challenge with variable clinical outcomes. In patients with SRNS, unsuccessful anti\u2010inflammatory and anti\u2010proteinuric effects of steroids lead to end\u2010stage renal disease (ESRD). Our objective was to define the expression pattern of the glucocorticoid receptors (GR) \u03b1 and \u03b2 and their epigenetic regulators (miR\u201024, miR\u201030a, and miR\u2010370) in a group of adults with SRNS. In this regard, sixty primary NS patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200930) and membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200930) and also healthy volunteers (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200924) were enrolled. Real\u2010time PCR was performed to evaluate the expression levels of the aforementioned genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples. Furthermore, an in\u2010silico analysis was performed to understand the signaling pathways and biological procedures that may be targeted by these microRNAs in NS. The decreased and increased levels of GR\u03b1 and GR\u03b2 were not significant, respectively. Statistically significant reduced miR\u201024 levels were observed between control\/MGN (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.022) and MGN\/FSGS (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.032) groups. Additionally, a decrease was detected in miR\u201030a between MGN and FSGS (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.049) groups. There was a significant increase in miR\u2010370 expression level between control and NS groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.029), as well as control\/MGN (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.008), and MGN\/FSGS (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.046). Bioinformatics analysis predicted the possible targets of the studied genes including genes involved in TGF\u2010\u03b2, Notch1, and p53 signaling pathways, regulation of gene expression, intracellular signal transduction, negative regulation of response to the stimulus, cell\u2010cell signaling, and cell activation in the pathogenesis of SRNS. Taken all together, dysregulated levels of GR\u03b1, GR\u03b2 were not attributed to SRNS in our patients. It seems that pharmacokinetics and the genetic variations in podocyte\u2010related genes may be associated with the steroid\u2010resistance in our adult patients with NS rather than GR expression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]],"date-time":"2020-10-08T20:16:31Z","timestamp":1602188191000},"page":"995-1005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Glucocorticoid receptors and their upstream epigenetic regulators in adults with steroid\u2010resistant nephrotic syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Yalda","family":"Rahbar Saadat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"},{"name":"Kidney Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9154-9581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyyedeh Mina","family":"Hejazian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"},{"name":"Student Research Committee Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziba","family":"Nariman\u2010Saleh\u2010Fam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's Reproductive Health Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milad","family":"Bastami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arash","family":"Poursheikhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Genetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammadali","family":"M. Shoja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Texas Medical Branch  Galveston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Ardalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0179-4562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sepideh","family":"Zununi Vahed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2019.105490"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs.15.101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2020.1702877"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18388\/abp.2013_1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00392.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060516652762"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-010-9741-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.12991117"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(02)00083-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.531"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"629","article-title":"A new link between steroid resistance, glucocorticoid receptor and nuclear factor kappa B p65 in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Szilagyi K","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol Lett"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-012-2385-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/0886022X.2014.917936"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-017-2388-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R117.000366"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31825b8ebc"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30283-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15171\/jrip.2019.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJNRD.S258624"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Glucocorticoid receptors and the pattern of steroid response in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Shalaby SA","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arab J Nephrol Transplant"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2015.2665"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4238\/2015.August.19.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15513815.2016.1225872"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfm575"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000502327"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/cts.2016.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2014.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","first-page":"7282","article-title":"Differential microRNA expression in the serum of patients with nephrotic syndrome and clinical correlation analysis","volume":"8","author":"Teng J","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.037432"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008020162"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008030312"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/gtmb.2015.0077"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","first-page":"326986","article-title":"Dexamethasone inhibits podocyte apoptosis by stabilizing the PI3K\/Akt signal pathway","volume":"2013","author":"Yu S","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2015.4226"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.1589"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2015.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2016.5139"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.01102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2017.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045825"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2011.226"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2013.01.012"}],"container-title":["BioFactors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/biof.1680","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/biof.1680","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/biof.1680","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T03:29:35Z","timestamp":1692588575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/biof.1680"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/biof.1680"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/biof.1680","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-6433","1872-8081"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-6433","type":"print"},{"value":"1872-8081","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-07-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}