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In obesity, its activation counterbalances the adverse cardiovascular effects of angiotensin II mediated by the AT1R. Preliminary results indicate that it also promotes brown adipocyte differentiation in vitro. Our hypothesis is that AT2R activation could increase BAT mass and activity in obesity. Five\u2010week\u2010old male C57BL\/6J mice were fed a standard or a high\u2010fat (HF) diet for 6\u2009weeks. Half of the animals were treated with compound 21 (C21), a selective AT2R agonist, (1\u2009mg\/kg\/day) in the drinking water. Electron transport chain (ETC), oxidative phosphorylation, and UCP1 proteins were measured in the interscapular BAT (iBAT) and thoracic perivascular adipose tissue (tPVAT) as well as inflammatory and oxidative parameters. Differentiation and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in the presence of C21 was tested in brown preadipocytes. In vitro, C21\u2010differentiated brown adipocytes showed an AT2R\u2010dependent increase of differentiation markers (<jats:italic>Ucp1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Cidea, Pparg<\/jats:italic>) and increased basal and H<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> leak\u2010linked OCR. In vivo, HF\u2010C21 mice showed increased iBAT mass compared to HF animals. Both their iBAT and tPVAT showed higher protein levels of the ETC protein complexes and UCP1, together with a reduction of inflammatory and oxidative markers. The activation of the AT2R increases BAT mass, mitochondrial activity, and reduces markers of tissue inflammation and oxidative stress in obesity. Therefore, insulin reduction and better vascular responses are achieved. Thus, the activation of the protective arm of the renin\u2013angiotensin system arises as a promising tool in the treatment of obesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T04:36:50Z","timestamp":1686199010000},"page":"1106-1120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Angiotensin <scp>II<\/scp> type 2 receptor as a novel activator of brown adipose tissue in obesity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Fabiola","family":"Alvarez\u2010Gallego","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica y Bioqu\u00edmica, Facultad de Farmacia. 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