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Therefore, identification of the cellular\u2010molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of prostate cancer is essential for overcoming controlled proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that mediate most cells' interactions and contain membrane proteins, cytosolic and nuclear proteins, extracellular matrix proteins, lipids, metabolites, and nucleic acids. Exosomes play an essential role in paracrine pathways, potentially influencing Prostate cancer progression through a wide variety of mechanisms. In the present review, we outline and discuss recent progress in our understanding of the role of exosomes in the Prostate cancer microenvironment, like their involvement in prostate cancer occurrence, progression, angiogenesis, epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition, metastasis, and drug resistance. We also present the latest findings regarding the function of exosomes as biomarkers, direct therapeutic targets in prostate cancer, and the challenges and advantages associated with using exosomes as natural carriers and in exosome\u2010based immunotherapy. These findings are a promising avenue for the expansion of potential clinical approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.2036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T10:24:04Z","timestamp":1704968644000},"page":"674-692","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Harnessing tumor\u2010derived exosomes: A promising approach for the expansion of clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic outcome of prostate cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6825-7019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad\u2010Bagher","family":"Pirouzpanah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soraya","family":"Babaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Science  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"Pourzeinali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amiralmomenin Hospital of Charoimagh Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2910-2698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamed","family":"Valizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"Malekeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1503-5567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fikrettin","family":"\u015eahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Bioengineering Yeditepe University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5754-4613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azizeh","family":"Farshbaf\u2010Khalili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute Tabriz University of Medical Science  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-33923-4_13"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20013078.2018.1535750"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"18167","volume-title":"Extracellular vesicles or exosomes? 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