{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T18:13:27Z","timestamp":1789841607962,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioFactors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Concerns have been expressed about imidacloprid (IMI), one of the most often used pesticides, and its potential neurotoxicity to non\u2010target organisms. Chronic neuroinflammation is central to the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, exploring the molecular mechanism by which IMI would trigger neuroinflammation is particularly important. This study examined the neurotoxic effects of oral administration of IMI (45\u2009mg\/kg\/day for 30\u2009days) and the potential neuroprotective effect of berberine (Ber) chloride loaded nano\u2010PEGylated liposomes (Ber\u2010Lip) (10\u2009mg\/kg, intravenously every other day for 30\u2009days) using laboratory rat. The histopathological changes, anti\u2010oxidant and oxidative stress markers (GSH, SOD, and MDA), proinflammatory cytokines (IL1\u03b2 and TNF\u2010\u03b1), microglia phenotype markers (CD86 and iNOS for M1; CD163 for M2), the canonical pyroptotic pathway markers (NLRP3, caspase\u20101, GSDMD, and IL\u201018) and Alzheimer's disease markers (Neprilysin and beta amyloid [A\u03b2] deposits) were assessed. Oral administration of IMI resulted in apparent cerebellar histopathological alterations, oxidative stress, predominance of M1 microglia phenotype, significantly upregulated NLRP3,\n                    <jats:italic>caspase\u20101<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>GSDMD<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>IL\u201018<\/jats:italic>\n                    and A\u03b2 deposits and significantly decreased Neprilysin expression. Berberine reduced the IMI\u2010induced aberrations in the measured parameters and improved the IMI\u2010induced histopathological and ultrastructure alterations brought on by IMI. This study highlights the IMI neurotoxic effect and its potential contribution to the development of Alzheimer's disease and displayed the neuroprotective effect of Ber\u2010Lip.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.2107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T20:25:05Z","timestamp":1722284705000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Berberine chloride loaded nano\u2010\n                    <scp>PEGylated<\/scp>\n                    liposomes attenuates imidacloprid\u2010induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting\n                    <scp>NLRP3<\/scp>\n                    \/Caspase\u20101\/\n                    <scp>GSDMD<\/scp>\n                    \u2010mediated pyroptosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5172-1105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walaa Bayoumie","family":"El 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