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Arsenic has been reported to jeopardize the normal functioning of the immune system, but there are still gaps in the understanding of thymic T cell biology. Immunotoxic influence of arsenic in thymic integrity demands a potent restorative molecule. The objectives of this study were to examine key signaling cross\u2010talks associated with arsenic\u2010induced immune alterations in the thymus and propose melatonin as a potential candidate against immunological complications arising from arsenic exposure. Swiss albino mice were exposed to sodium arsenite (0.05\u2009mg\/L; in drinking water) and melatonin (IP:10\u2009mg\/kg BW) for 28\u2009days. Melatonin successfully protected thymus from arsenic\u2010mediated tissue degeneration and maintained immune homeostasis including T cell maturation and proliferation by mitigating oxidative stress through Nrf2 upregulation. Additionally, melatonin exerted ameliorative effect against arsenic\u2010induced apoptosis and inflammation by inhibiting p53\u2010mediated mitochondrial cell death pathway and NF\u2010\u03baB\u2010p65\/STAT3\u2010mediated proinflammatory pathway, respectively. For the first time, we showed that arsenic\u2010induced profibrotic changes were inhibited by melatonin through targeting of inflammation\u2010associated EMT. Our findings clearly demonstrate that melatonin can be a viable and promising candidate in combating arsenic\u2010induced immune toxicity with no collateral damage, making it an important research target.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.2110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]],"date-time":"2024-08-03T09:54:31Z","timestamp":1722678871000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Arsenic\u2010induced transition of thymic inflammation\u2010to\u2010fibrosis involves Stat3\u2010Twist1 interaction: Melatonin to the rescue"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Ankur","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology University of Calcutta  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ankan","family":"Mitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology University of Calcutta  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sourav","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology University of Calcutta  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Swaimanti","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology University of Calcutta  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Palash Kumar","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology University of Calcutta  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debasish","family":"Bandyopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology University of Calcutta  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1898-4437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sreya","family":"Chattopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology University of Calcutta  Kolkata India"},{"name":"Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CRNN), University of Calcutta  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1205875"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2010.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfs202"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2018.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.121290"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665110002545"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2013.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-13-193"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfv211"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000471911"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfm268"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.05.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gtc.12079"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12360"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00084"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32794\/mr11250080"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-2478(03)00068-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074873098129000084"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2008.00606.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2012.01002.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms14048638"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.21361"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.08.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12525"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2016.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","volume-title":"WHO: arsenic and arsenic compounds. 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