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Immunosenescence is essential in this phenomenon because it may reactivate the lesions and render their adaptive immunity dysfunctional. In addition, inflammation in the lungs of the elderly subjects is also dysfunctional. Although effective drugs are available, they are often tolerated inadequately, reducing adherence to the therapy and leading to therapeutic failure. Comorbidities, poor general health status, and other medications may lead to increased drug adverse reactions and reduced adherence to treatment in the elderly. Hence, older adults require an individualized approach for better outcomes. Trained immunity, which involves epigenetic reprogramming, may contribute to balancing the dysfunction of innate and adaptive immunity in older people. This review analyzes the relationship between inflammation, age, and\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Moreover, we hypothesize that immunomodulation using trained immunity activators will help reduce inflammation while enhancing antimicrobial responses in the elderly. Understanding immunomodulation's molecular and physiological effects will lead to informed decisions about TB prevention and treatment strategies uniquely designed for the elderly.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.2151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T06:21:51Z","timestamp":1738218111000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Control of\n                    <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>\n                    infection in the elderly: Is there a role for epigenetic reprogramming reversal?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1936-0279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e1maris P.","family":"Romero\u2010Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Nacional Conahcyt de Investigaci\u00f3n y Diagn\u00f3stico por Inmunocitofluorometr\u00eda (LANCIDI), Laboratorio de Citometr\u00eda de Flujo Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas  Ciudad de M\u00e9xico Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3988-9416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos A.","family":"D\u00edaz\u2010Alvarado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla  Ciudad de M\u00e9xico Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3199-5683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9ctor Isaac","family":"Rocha\u2010Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional  Ciudad de M\u00e9xico Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9036-004X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esmeralda","family":"Ju\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio BSL3 Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas  Ciudad de M\u00e9xico Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","volume-title":"Harrison principios de medicina interna","author":"Raviglione MC","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","first-page":"286","volume-title":"Microbiolog\u00eda m\u00e9dica","author":"Murray PR","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","unstructured":"LewinsohnD KainD ParrishN.Tuberculosis: Microbiology pathogenesis and immunology.2021. 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