{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T12:51:55Z","timestamp":1773147115049,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,19]],"date-time":"2008-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1229644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1448,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioFactors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study examines the influence of menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on serum levels of coenzyme Q<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> and other lipid\u2010soluble antioxidants in normal women. Serum levels of coenzyme Q<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>, \u03b1\u2010tocopherol, \u03b3\u2010tocopherol, \u03b2\u2010carotene and lycopene in 50 premenopausal women (not using oral contraceptives), 33 healthy postmenopausal and 15 postmenopausal women on HRT (\u201cPrempo\u201d; combination of 0.625 mg conjugated estrogen and 2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate) were measured by high\u2010pressure liquid chromatography. Lipid profiles were also analyzed. Significantly higher serum coenzyme Q<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> and \u03b1\u2010tocopherol levels were detected in postmenopausal compared with premenopausal women (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05, and &lt; 0.001); whereas, in postmenopausal subjects on HRT, we detected a significant decrease in coenzyme Q<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> and \u03b3\u2010tocopherol levels (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001, and &lt; 0.05) and increased \u03b1\u2010tocopherol levels (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). Serum levels of \u03b2\u2010carotene, lycopene, LDL, HDL, cholesterol and triglyceride were comparable among the study groups. Coenzyme Q<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> is postulated to be involved in preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD) because of its bioenergetics role in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and its antioxidant properties at the mitochondrial and extramitochondrial levels. The decrease in serum concentrations of coenzyme Q<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>, produced by HRT, may promote oxygen free radical\u2010induced membrane damage and may, thus alter cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women. HRT\u2010induced reductions in lipid\u2010soluble antioxidant(s) levels, and its potential consequences on CVD, needs to be further investigated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.5520250107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,25]],"date-time":"2008-12-25T09:28:48Z","timestamp":1230197328000},"page":"61-66","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Effects of menopause and hormone replacement therapy on serum levels of coenzyme Q<sub>10<\/sub> and other lipid\u2010soluble antioxidants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Prabhudas R.","family":"Palan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Inegbenijie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachana Y.","family":"Gavara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob A.","family":"Ouseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdy S.","family":"Mikhail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deaths: leading causes for 1999","volume":"49","author":"Anderson R. 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