{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:22:19Z","timestamp":1791249739906,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,19]],"date-time":"2008-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1229644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1083,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioFactors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The impetus for the novel Energy Formula (EF) which combines the niacin\u2010bound chromium (III) (0.45%) (NBC), standardized extract of<jats:italic>Withania somnifera<\/jats:italic>extracts (10.71%), caffeine (22.76%), D\u2010ribose (10.71%) and selected amino acids such as phenylalanine, taurine and glutamine (55.37%) was based on the knowledge of the cardioprotective potentials of the<jats:italic>Withania somnifera<\/jats:italic>extract, caffeine and D\u2010ribose as well as their abilities to increase energy levels and the abilities of amino acids to increase the muscle mass and energy levels. The effect of oral supplementation of EF on the safety, myocardial energy levels and cardioprotective ability were investigated in an ischemic\u2010reperfused myocardium model in both male and female Sprague\u2010Dawley rats over 90 days trial period. At the completion of 90 days, the EF\u2010treated male and female rats gained 9.4% and 3.1% less body weights, respectively, as compared to their corresponding control groups. No significant difference was found in the levels of lipid peroxidation and activities of hepatic Aspartate transaminase, Alanine transaminase and Alkaline phosphatase in EF treatment when compared with control animals. The male and female rat hearts were subjected to 30 min of global ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion at 30 and 90 days of EF treatment. Cardiovascular functions including heart rate, coronary flow, aortic flow, dp\/dt<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and infarct size were monitored. The levels of myocardial adenosine triphosphate (ATP), creatine phosphate (CP), phospho\u2010adenosine monophosphate kinase (p\u2010AMPK) levels, were analyzed at the end of 30 and 90 days of treatment. Significant improvement was observed in all parameters in the EF treatment groups as compared to their corresponding controls. Thus the niacin\u2010bound chromium (III) based energy formula is safe and effective supplement to boost energy levels and cardioprotection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.5520270106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,25]],"date-time":"2008-12-25T10:42:01Z","timestamp":1230201721000},"page":"53-67","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Enhanced cardiovascular function and energy level by a novel chromium (III)\u2010supplement"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Mahesh","family":"Thirunavukkarasu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sureshvarma","family":"Penumathsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bela","family":"Juhasz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manashi","family":"Bagchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taharat","family":"Yasmin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Shara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hemant S.","family":"Thatte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilanjana","family":"Maulik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1998.10718802"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsn.9.2.229","article-title":"Effective nutritional ergogenic aids","volume":"9","author":"Applegate E.","year":"1999","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1263(199801\/02)18:1<3::AID-JAT461>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(78)52032-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","volume-title":"Bioenergy","author":"Bulter T.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2004.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"26","article-title":"The emerging science of energy healing","volume":"26","author":"Connor M.H.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Beginnings"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025454504577"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"133","article-title":"Hypoxic preconditioning preserves antioxidant reserve in the working rat heart","volume":"29","author":"Engelman D.T.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199909000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/DMDI.2003.19.3.211"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1997.00259.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200422683"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2004.pto940405.x","article-title":"Mechanisms of cardioprotective effect of Withania somnifera in experimentally induced myocardial infarction","volume":"94","author":"Ipseeta M.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Basic Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.410S"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1119","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1992.263.4.H1119","article-title":"Role of adenosine for reactive hyperemia in normal and stunned porcine myocardium","volume":"263","author":"Kirkeboen K.A.","year":"1992","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology \u2013 Heart and Circulatory Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(98)70194-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(88)90098-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","first-page":"411","volume-title":"Biochemistry","author":"Lehninger A.L.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6663(03)00010-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(00)02174-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02784581"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/123.4.626"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1998.10718801"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","first-page":"64","article-title":"Use of neurotransmitter precursors for treatment of depression","volume":"5","author":"Meyers S.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Alternative Medicine Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","first-page":"182","article-title":"Comparativeretention\/absorption of 51chromium (51Cr) from 51Cr chloride, 51Cr nicotinate and 51Cr picolinate in a rat model","volume":"11","author":"Olin K.L.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Trace Elements Electrolytes"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2003.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/JCPT.2000.18011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-9877(02)00165-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00075197-199811000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","first-page":"227","article-title":"Effects of niacin\u2010bound chromium and grape seed proanthocyanidin extracton the lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic subjects: A pilot study","volume":"31","author":"Preuss H.G.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1017961029492"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-8902.2004.00328.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2003.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.1999.1.3-317"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_2","first-page":"111","article-title":"Recovery of ATP and return of function after global ischemia (abstr)","volume":"72","author":"Schneider J.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-004-1935-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2005.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_2","first-page":"381","article-title":"Chronic fatigue syndrome: A brief review of functional disturbances and potential therapy","volume":"45","author":"Shephard R.J.","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Sports Medicine and physical fitness"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_2","first-page":"1010","volume-title":"Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease","author":"Shils M.E.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2005.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2000.440903.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002689900471"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025564930088"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)04705-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199611000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_2","first-page":"722","article-title":"Reduction of reperfusion arrythmias in the ischemic isolated rat heart by angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme inhibitors: A comparison of captopril, enalapril, and HOE498","volume":"8","author":"Van Gilst W.H.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00240038"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_2","first-page":"769","article-title":"Restitution of myocardial adenine nucleotides: acceleration by administration of ribose","volume":"76","author":"Zimmer H.G.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Physiological Paris"}],"container-title":["BioFactors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbiof.5520270106","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/biof.5520270106","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T14:21:50Z","timestamp":1709821310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/biof.5520270106"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/biof.5520270106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/biof.5520270106","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-6433","1872-8081"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-6433","type":"print"},{"value":"1872-8081","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]}}}