{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T19:16:23Z","timestamp":1788808583953,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001677","name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001677","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022077","name":"Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022077","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioFactors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Inflammation of adipose tissue is a contributing factor to many chronic diseases associated with obesity. We previously showed that micronutrients such as vitamin D (VD) limited this metabolic inflammation by decreasing inflammatory markers expression including miR\u2010155 (microRNA\u2010155) or miR\u2010146a in different in vitro and in vivo models. These miRNAs could be incorporated into extracellular vesicles (EVs) in order to modulate the activity of target cells. Nevertheless, the role of VD on the miRNAs contained in EVs from adipose tissue in inflammatory conditions remains unclear. In this study, we used a human model of SGBS (Simpson\u2010Golabi\u2010Behmel syndrome) adipocytes preincubated with 1,25(OH)\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    D (the active form of VD) before an inflammatory stress with tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF\u03b1). First, we confirmed by quantitative PCR that the expression of classical inflammatory factors (TNF\u03b1 and chemokine ligand 2 [CCL2\/MCP1]), miR\u2010146a, and miR\u2010155 was increased significantly under inflammatory conditions in SGBS cells and that VD prevented this up\u2010regulation. Secondly, transmission electron microscope imaging of EVs preparations in supernatant allowed visualization of small and large vesicles under these conditions. Then, EVs were obtained with isolation kit and the expression of miR\u2010155 and miR\u2010146a were measured. The expression of miR\u2010155 under TNF\u03b1 effect was increased in EVs while miR\u2010146a was not detected. Moreover, we also showed that the TNF\u03b1\u2010mediated expression of miR\u2010155 in EVs was significantly reduced by a VD pre\u2010incubation of cells. Using miRNA PCR array, we also identified 33 miRNAs, organized in 5 clusters that were differentially regulated by TNF\u03b1 and VD. Bioinformatic analysis of biological pathways revealed that the different miRNAs targeting genes that are involved in important cell process such as the regulation of transcription or protein phosphorylation. In conclusion, these results support for the first time that VD modulated the expression of miRNAs in EVs from adipocytes, which could represent a new mechanism of regulation of inflammation by micronutrients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.70003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T19:29:07Z","timestamp":1738178947000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Vitamin D modulates the content of inflammatory\n                    <scp>microRNAs<\/scp>\n                    in extracellular vesicles from human adipocyte cells in inflammatory context"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Payet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN  Marseille 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