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Understanding the underlying mechanisms of ER stress and its implications for cellular function and disease pathogenesis is of paramount importance in developing targeted therapeutic interventions. Dexmedetomidine, an alpha\u20102 adrenergic agonist primarily used as a sedative, has emerged as a potential modulator of ER stress. This review aims to explore the impact of Dexmedetomidine on ER stress within immune cells and its potential therapeutic implications. Dexmedetomidine exhibits the remarkable ability to inhibit the activation of ER stress pathways, preserve protein synthesis, and suppress apoptosis mediated by ER stress markers. Furthermore, Dexmedetomidine exerts regulatory effects on immune cells and inflammation by reducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines and modulating immune functions. These compelling findings suggest that Dexmedetomidine holds significant promise as a valuable therapeutic tool for conditions characterized by dysregulated ER stress and immune dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.70022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T11:52:46Z","timestamp":1754913166000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pathophysiology of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and the Potential Role of Dexmedetomidine as a Modulator"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3753-4260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Negin","family":"Karamali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reihaneh Khaleghi","family":"Moghadam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences  Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Borzabadi","family":"Farahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science University of Manitoba  Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arman","family":"Rostamlou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine University of EGE  Izmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirhamed","family":"Hoseini\u2010Aghdam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Mazandaran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amirhossein","family":"Mardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behzad","family":"Baradaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leili","family":"Aghebati\u2010Maleki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2004.06.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2015.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1117414"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pathmechdis.3.121806.151434"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2022.101198"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19768354.2023.2181217"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23094843"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.4.2019-2033.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S265970"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","article-title":"O Pr\u00e9\u2010Condicionamento Com Dexmedetomidina Reduz a Les\u00e3o de Isquemia\u2010Reperfus\u00e3o Do Mioc\u00e1rdio Em Ratos, Inibindo a via PERK","volume":"117","author":"Chen Y.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","unstructured":"A. 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