{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T05:30:34Z","timestamp":1765517434084,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioFactors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer. Spindle\u2010 and kinetochore\u2010associated complex 1 (SKA1) participates in the regulation of mitosis, playing an essential role in regulating cancer progression. Therefore, this study aims to explore the effects of knocking down SKA1 on HCC. The bioinformatics analysis approaches were adopted to predict SKA1 expression in HCC, the role of SKA1 on the survival rate and prognosis of HCC patients, and the associations between SKA1 expression and gene mutation and immune cell infiltration. The single\u2010cell transcriptome sequencing analysis was employed to explore the cell\u2013cell communications and molecular interactions. The CCK\u20108, wound healing, Transwell, flow cytometry, and qRT\u2010PCR approaches were used to determine the cell viability, invasion, migration, cell cycle, apoptosis, and SKA1 mRNA expression level of SMMC7721 cells. The tumor volume and weight were measured. The Western blot was applied to determine the protein expression levels of SKA1, survivin, Bax, Bad, Bcl\u20102, caspase\u20103, and caspase\u20109 in SMMC7721 cells and tumor tissue. The bioinformatics analysis results indicated that highly expressed SKA1 was related to a low survival rate and poor prognosis of HCC patients and was involved in the TP53 mutation and multiple immune cell infiltrations. The single\u2010cell transcriptome sequencing analysis affirmed that malignant cells were associated with hepatocytes, ILC, and granulocytes. Meanwhile, various pathways and ligand\u2010receptor pairs were enriched in the cell subpopulation with high SKA1 expression, especially for the Protease\u2010Activated Receptors (PARs) pathway and MDK\u2010SDC1 pair associated with the apoptosis signaling. Knocking down SKA1 reduced the cell viability, invasion, and migration, arrested the cell cycle in the S period, promoted the apoptosis in\u00a0vitro, decreased the tumor volume and weight in\u00a0vivo, and down\u2010regulated the survivin and Bcl\u20102 protein expression levels and up\u2010regulated the caspase 3, caspase 9, Bax, and Bad in\u00a0vivo and in\u00a0vitro. Taken together, knocking down SKA1 inhibited HCC progression by promoting the apoptosis signaling pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.70044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T11:54:57Z","timestamp":1756382097000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Knocking Down\n                    <scp>SKA1<\/scp>\n                    Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression via Apoptosis: Integrating Single\u2010Cell Transcriptomics With In\u00a0Vivo and In\u00a0Vitro Validation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Qiong","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qianyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine Fujian Medical University Union Hospital  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziying","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Medicine Fujian Medical University Union Hospital  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0228-7842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gestational and Toxic Hepatopathy Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2022.7989"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2022.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tgh.2019.05.06"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031456"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.10.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41591-019-00017-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.11.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-21-0316"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000034826"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/EBC20190075"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-024-13257-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2022.110554"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.12799"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-024-04897-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2867-13-83"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1038925"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-5119-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00630-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-022-00940-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxres\/tfae149"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1117052"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106889"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2022.2145817"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13402-024-01019-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1444091"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","article-title":"A 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