{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T10:58:19Z","timestamp":1790333899616,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioFactors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of mortality. This study explores the cardioprotective effects of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and its molecular mechanisms in MI. A rat myocardial ischemia\u2013reperfusion model was established, and infarct size was assessed via triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) and Masson's staining analyzed histological changes, while terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick\u2010end labeling (TUNEL) and flow cytometry assessed apoptosis. Western blot and immunofluorescence evaluated collagen I, collagen III, \u03b1\u2010SMA, histone deacetylases (HDACs) (4,5,7,9,11), O\u2010GlcNAc transferase (OGT), O\u2010GlcNAcase (OGA), and O\u2010GlcNAcylation. Enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measured tumor necrosis factor (TNF)\u2010\u03b1, interleukin (IL)\u20106, transforming growth factor (TGF)\u2010\u03b2, suppression of tumorigenicity (ST)\u20102, galectin (Gal)\u20103, and growth differentiation factor (GDF)\u201015, while cell counting kit\u20108 (CCK\u20108), EdU, and Transwell migration assays assessed fibroblast proliferation and migration. O\u2010GlcNAcylation of HDAC4 was analyzed using Click\u2010iT labeling and immunoprecipitation. Cycloheximide chase assay and ubiquitination assay detected the impact of O\u2010GlcNAcylation at Ser455 on HDAC4 protein stability. CoQ10 significantly improved cardiac function in rat models, reducing infarct size, apoptosis, fibrosis, and inflammation. CoQ10 treatment in MIRI rats increased ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS), reduced infarct volume (TTC staining), and decreased collagen deposition (Masson's, Sirius Red staining). TUNEL and flow cytometry confirmed reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, while ELISA showed lower TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20106, and TGF\u2010\u03b2, indicating suppressed inflammation. At the molecular level, CoQ10 reduced global O\u2010GlcNAcylation together with decreased OGT and increased OGA expression. Western blot and immunofluorescence confirmed reduced HDAC4 levels, linked to O\u2010GlcNAcylation suppression particularly at Ser455. CoQ10 promoted the degradation of HDAC4 through the precise inhibition of its stabilizing O\u2010GlcNAc modification at Ser455. In\u00a0vitro, CoQ10 enhanced oxygen\u2013glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD\/R) cardiomyocyte survival, reduced apoptosis (TUNEL, flow cytometry), and suppressed HDAC4 expression. In fibroblasts, CoQ10 inhibited TGF\u2010\u03b21\u2010induced proliferation\/migration (CCK\u20108, EdU, Transwell assays) and reduced collagen I, collagen III, and \u03b1\u2010SMA expression, indicating anti\u2010fibrotic effects. Furthermore, HDAC4 knockdown in\u00a0vivo improved cardiac function, and in\u00a0vitro reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and fibroblast proliferation\/migration, reinforcing HDAC4's role in MI pathology. CoQ10 exerts cardioprotective effects by modulating O\u2010GlcNAc modification and HDAC4 expression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.70085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T15:31:08Z","timestamp":1772983868000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Coenzyme\n                    <scp>Q10<\/scp>\n                    Mitigates Myocardial Infarction by Modulating\n                    <scp>HDAC4<\/scp>\n                    O\u2010\n                    <scp>GlcNAcylation<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Xinjiang Production &amp; Construction Corps Hospital  Urumqi Xinjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Xinjiang Production &amp; Construction Corps Hospital  Urumqi Xinjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shifei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Xinjiang Production &amp; Construction Corps Hospital  Urumqi Xinjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Xinjiang Production &amp; Construction Corps Hospital  Urumqi Xinjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9202-2657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Xinjiang Production &amp; Construction Corps Hospital  Urumqi Xinjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2022.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186695"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573403X14666180416115428"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","article-title":"Role of Coenzyme Q10 in Prophylaxis of Myocardial Infarction","volume":"13","author":"Shah I. A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9040341"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004501"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-024-03729-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14017431.2012.756984"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00016.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242250"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176223"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-022-00934-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2024.1405569"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03642-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.2402"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103062"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-022-00984-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.223925"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2708244"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-17-1148"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.64956"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cww025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-023-03231-w"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","first-page":"853","article-title":"Evaluation of the Coenzyme Q(10) and Some Biochemical Parameters in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease","volume":"78","author":"Ayob Alsaiegh O. M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Archives of Razi Institute"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvad116"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.070286"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.114417"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00040.2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3BM00857F"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00043.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CS01275K"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2021.04.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.104146"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.123482"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2024.217101"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","first-page":"706","article-title":"Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress in Immunopathogenesis of Diseases","volume":"125","author":"Deglovic J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bratislavsk\u00e9 Lek\u00e1rske Listy"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2023.115800"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20210462"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-021-02141-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.581015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgab065"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2020.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-020-03713-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2023.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202402710"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2024.103184"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-020-0787-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116689"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa878"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25158541"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.031942"}],"container-title":["BioFactors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/biof.70085","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/biof.70085","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/biof.70085","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T12:31:26Z","timestamp":1779366686000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/biof.70085"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/biof.70085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/biof.70085","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-6433","1872-8081"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-6433","type":"print"},{"value":"1872-8081","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70085"}}