{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T13:06:48Z","timestamp":1779368808907,"version":"3.53.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":46,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021A1515010156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A1515010156"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022A1515140134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515140134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioFactors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Hydroxy\u2010safflor yellow A (HSYA), a bioactive compound from\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Carthamus tinctorius<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , has reported anti\u2010inflammatory and antitumor activities. However, its effects on breast cancer and the underlying immune mechanisms remain poorly defined. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory role of HSYA in breast cancer, with a focus on its impact on tumor\u2010associated macrophages (TAMs) and T cell responses. Using in\u00a0vitro assays, murine breast cancer models, and single\u2010cell transcriptomic analysis, we found that HSYA significantly inhibited tumor growth and reshaped the tumor immune microenvironment. Flow cytometry and transcriptomic profiling revealed that HSYA treatment reduced tumor\u2010associated macrophages (TAMs) infiltration and suppressed C\u2010C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) expression, which was associated with enhanced recruitment and activation of tissue\u2010resident memory T (TRM) cells. Co\u2010culture and functional assays further supported a role for the TAM\/CCL5 axis in mediating these immune effects. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that HSYA exerts antitumor activity, at least in part, by modulating the TAM\/CCL5\/TRM axis, highlighting its potential as an immunomodulatory therapeutic strategy in breast cancer.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.70096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T03:39:22Z","timestamp":1776397162000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hydroxy\u2010Safflower Yellow A Inhibits Breast Cancer Growth via Tumor\u2010Associated Macrophages\/\n                    <scp>CCL5<\/scp>\n                    \/Tissue Resident Memory T Cell Signaling"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9419-2531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Le","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, 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