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This study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and behavioral effects of SB oral treatment in a mouse model of low\u2010dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. The SB was prepared by traditional spontaneous cabbage fermentation and analyzed for pH, microbiological profile, and acidity. At the end of fermentation, the brine contained a high level of viable lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (1.8\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009CFU\/ml). Mice were pretreated orally with SB, heat\u2010treated SB (htSB), or saline for 4\u2009weeks before single or repeated LPS injection (0.5\u2009mg\/kg). Safety assessments, including body weight, food intake, and locomotor activity, did not indicate adverse effects with either form of SB. In the acute LPS model, SB pretreatment significantly reduced mRNA expression of the pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2, and IL\u20106 in the prefrontal cortex compared to the saline\u2010pretreated group. Interestingly, the expression of IL\u201010, strongly induced by LPS, was also significantly reduced by SB, suggesting modulation of both pro\u2010 and anti\u2010inflammatory signaling pathways. These protective effects were less pronounced in the heat\u2010treated SB group, suggesting that viable bacteria or heat\u2010sensitive components may be critical for bioactivity. In the repeated LPS model, SB prevented LPS\u2010induced depletion of glutathione (GSH) and preserved total antioxidant capacity (TAC), while heat\u2010treated SB provided no protection and resulted in increased protein carbonylation and decreased TAC. No significant changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD1\/2, CAT, GR, GSH\u2010Px, GST) were observed. Behavioral tests using the open\u2010field paradigm showed that all groups exhibited prolonged sickness behavior after repeated LPS exposure, despite a two\u2010day washout period. However, only the SB group showed delayed recovery, with reduced horizontal and vertical activity lasting 1\u2009day longer than in the other groups. Nevertheless, pretreatment with SB and heat\u2010treated SB prevented the LPS\u2010induced reduction in time spent in the central zone, a commonly used measure of anxiety\u2010like behavior, suggesting a possible anxiolytic effect. In conclusion, SB exhibits anti\u2010inflammatory and antioxidant properties associated with systemic LPS\u2010induced neuroinflammation and may reduce anxiety\u2010like behavior. These effects appear to be dependent on heat\u2010sensitive constituents or microbial viability. The findings support further investigation of SB as a functional dietary intervention targeting neuro\u2010immune health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.70100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T03:30:56Z","timestamp":1776396656000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fermented Cabbage Brine as a Functional Dietary Modulator of Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Anxiety\u2010Like Behavior in Lipopolysaccharide\u2010Challenged Mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2465-903X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vukojevic","family":"Andjela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research \u201cSinisa Stankovic\u201d, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia University of Belgrade  Belgrade 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