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In this study, we investigated the effects of a di\u2010rhamnolipid, Rha\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010C\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010C\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    (\n                    <jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>\n                    ), on CRC cell motility, energy metabolism, and immune\u2010related signaling. Compound\n                    <jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>\n                    exhibited minimal cytotoxicity in AGS, A549, and MDA\u2010MB\u2010231 cells, while modestly reducing viability in Caco2 cells at higher concentrations. Notably, it significantly suppressed invasion and migration, with the most pronounced effects observed in Caco2 cells. These effects were associated with downregulation of mesenchymal markers, including N\u2010cadherin and transcription factors Snail and Slug, as well as matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2, MMP3, and MMP9), accompanied by increased TIMP2 expression. In addition, compound\n                    <jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>\n                    attenuated metabolic activity by reducing the expression of key glycolytic regulators, including GLUT1, LDHA, and HK2. It also suppressed immune evasion\u2013related factors such as PD\u2010L1, IDO1, IDO2, and Galectin. Mechanistic investigations using BaP and the AKT inhibitor MK2206 suggest that the effects of compound\n                    <jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>\n                    involve modulation of AKT\u2010associated signaling while also engaging additional regulatory pathways. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that compound\n                    <jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>\n                    suppresses colorectal cancer cell motility, metabolic activity, and immune evasion, highlighting its potential as a natural compound targeting multiple tumor\u2010promoting processes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.70129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T03:36:51Z","timestamp":1783568211000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Di\u2010Rhamnolipid (Rha\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>\n                      C\n                      <sub>10<\/sub>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>\n                      C\n                      <sub>10<\/sub>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    ) Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Motility and Immune Evasion Through\n                    <scp>AKT<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Associated Signaling and\n                    <scp>PD<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>L1<\/scp>\n                    Regulation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9871-8296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sultan","family":"Pulat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University  Jeonnam Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prima F.","family":"Hillman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Andalas  Padang Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaeyoung","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amorepacific Corporation R&amp;D Center  Yongin Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang\u2010Jip","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Ewha Womans University  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Innovative Biomaterials Convergence Ewha Womans University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5889-8907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hangun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University  Jeonnam Republic of 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