{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T06:07:29Z","timestamp":1789020449324,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioFactors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Gastrointestinal malignancies, including gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, remain major causes of cancer\u2010related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although chimeric antigen receptor T\u2010cell (CAR\u2010T) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies, its efficacy in gastrointestinal solid tumors remains limited by antigen heterogeneity, insufficient trafficking and infiltration, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments, on\u2010target off\u2010tumor toxicity, and adaptive resistance. In this review, we summarize the current landscape of CAR\u2010T therapy in gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pancreatic cancer, with a focus on representative target antigens and emerging biomarker strategies. We further discuss two major categories of biomarkers: target antigen\u2010related biomarkers and conventional dynamic biomarkers, including serum tumor markers, cytokine changes, CAR\u2010T expansion kinetics, and antigen\u2010loss monitoring. In addition, we highlight how single\u2010cell ribonucleic acid sequencing and spatial transcriptomics provide complementary insights into cellular states, immune exhaustion, stromal barriers, and spatially restricted immune exclusion. By integrating these multi\u2010omics approaches with biomarker\u2010guided patient stratification and next\u2010generation CAR\u2010T engineering, gastrointestinal solid tumor CAR\u2010T therapy may evolve from empirical optimization toward mechanism\u2010driven and precision\u2010guided clinical translation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.70150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:36:50Z","timestamp":1789018610000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi\u2010Omics\u2010Enabled Precision Strategies for Overcoming\n                    <scp>\n                      <b>CAR<\/b>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    \u2010T Therapy Limitations in Gastrointestinal Malignancies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Ke","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University  Luzhou Sichuan China"},{"name":"Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Chengdu Sichuan China"},{"name":"School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Southwest Medical University  Luzhou China"},{"name":"Luzhou Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Science in Cancer Prevention and Treatment Integrating Chinese and Western Medicine  Luzhou Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zunyuan","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University  Luzhou China"},{"name":"School of Clinical Medical, Southwest Medical University  Luzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Luzhou Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Science in Cancer Prevention and Treatment Integrating Chinese and Western Medicine  Luzhou Sichuan China"},{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University  Luzhou Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susu","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiqing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changzhi Medical College  Changzhi 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University  Luzhou China"},{"name":"School of Clinical Medical, Southwest Medical University  Luzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University  Luzhou China"},{"name":"Clinical Research Institute, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University  Luzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yantian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University  Jinan Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8330-0444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunwei","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University  Luzhou Sichuan China"},{"name":"School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Southwest Medical University  Luzhou China"},{"name":"Luzhou Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Science in Cancer Prevention and Treatment Integrating Chinese and Western Medicine  Luzhou Sichuan China"},{"name":"Department of Oncology The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University  Luzhou China"},{"name":"School of Clinical Medical, Southwest Medical University  Luzhou 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