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Instrument calibration, data sampling and data analysis are discussed and comparisons of the data to the complementary methods of electron microscopy and X\u2010ray scattering are made. Examples of the application of this new approach to the analysis of type I collagen morphology in disease models of estrogen depletion and osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) are provided. We demonstrate that it is the D\u2010spacing distribution, not the D\u2010spacing mean, that showed statistically significant differences in estrogen depletion associated with early stage osteoporosis and OI. The ability to quantitatively characterize nanoscale morphological features of type I collagen fibrils will provide important structural information regarding type I collagen in many research areas, including tissue aging and disease, tissue engineering, and gene knockout studies. Furthermore, we also envision potential clinical applications including evaluation of tissue collagen integrity under the impact of diseases or drug treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.201200174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,2]],"date-time":"2012-10-02T03:42:26Z","timestamp":1349149346000},"page":"117-126","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Nanoscale structure of type I collagen fibrils: Quantitative measurement of D\u2010spacing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Blake","family":"Erickson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradford G.","family":"Orr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clifford M.","family":"Les","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark M.","family":"Banaszak Holl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fratzl P. 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