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Despite significant progress over the last several years in understanding this disease, a suitable in vitro model to better mimic neurofibroma formation and growth has yet to be described. There is therefore a need to establish an in vitro, three dimensional model that allows the incorporation of multicellular lineages and the modulation of the cellular microenvironment\u2014known to be important for cellular crosstalk and distribution of soluble factors\u2014to study neurofibroma biology and morphogenesis. A self\u2010assembly approach was used to generate tissue\u2010engineered skins (TES) in which patient\u2010derived spheroids made of NF1\u2010associated Schwann cells and fibroblasts were seeded. We describe the first in vitro three dimensional neurofibroma model\u2014directly derived from NF1 patients presenting with histopathological features\u2014having an ECM protein expression profile quite similar to that of a native tumor. We observed efficient incorporation, proliferation, and migration of spheroids within NF1\u2010TES over time. This biotechnological approach could provide a unique tool for precision medicine targeting NF1 and for assessing the tumorigenic properties of each <jats:italic>NF1<\/jats:italic> gene mutation linked to tumor formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.202000250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T11:43:55Z","timestamp":1615376635000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Biofabrication of a three dimensional human\u2010based personalized neurofibroma model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Vincent","family":"Roy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City  Quebec City Canada"},{"name":"Division of Regenerative Medicine LOEX CHU de Qu\u00e9bec\u2013Universit\u00e9 Laval Research Center, Quebec City  Quebec City Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R\u00e9my","family":"Lamontagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City  Quebec City Canada"},{"name":"Division of Regenerative Medicine LOEX CHU de Qu\u00e9bec\u2013Universit\u00e9 Laval Research Center, Quebec City  Quebec City Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthieu","family":"Talagas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City  Quebec City Canada"},{"name":"Laboratory on Interactions Neurons Keratinocytes (EA4685) Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Western Brittany  Brest France"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Brest University Hospital  Brest France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Touzel\u2010Desch\u00eanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Regenerative Medicine LOEX CHU de Qu\u00e9bec\u2013Universit\u00e9 Laval Research Center, Quebec City  Quebec City Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne T.","family":"Khuong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City  Quebec City Canada"},{"name":"Division of Regenerative Medicine LOEX CHU de Qu\u00e9bec\u2013Universit\u00e9 Laval Research Center, Quebec City  Quebec City Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phan","family":"Saikali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology CHU de Qu\u00e9bec Division of Anatomic Pathology and Neuropathology, Quebec City  Quebec City Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7270-6115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Dupr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Regenerative Medicine LOEX CHU de Qu\u00e9bec\u2013Universit\u00e9 Laval Research Center, Quebec City  Quebec City Canada"},{"name":"Division of Neurosciences CHU de Qu\u00e9bec\u2013Universit\u00e9 Laval Research Center, Quebec City  Quebec City Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3825-4885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Gros\u2010Louis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City  Quebec City Canada"},{"name":"Division of Regenerative Medicine LOEX CHU de Qu\u00e9bec\u2013Universit\u00e9 Laval Research Center, Quebec City  Quebec City Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90151-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90150-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90149-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.32.9.706"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-017-1766-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2014.243"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.22832"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/510781"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"1573","article-title":"International consensus statement on malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in neurofibromatosis","volume":"62","author":"Ferner R. 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